Luigi Cremona

Luigi Cremona
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Born	(1830-12-07)7 December 1830 Pavia, Lombardy
Died	Rome
Nationality	Italian
Fields	Mathematics
Institutions	University of Rome
Alma mater	University of Pavia
Doctoral advisor	Francesco Brioschi
Doctoral students	Giuseppe Veronese
Known for	Algebraic curve

Luigi Cremona (7 December 1830 – 10 June 1903) was an Italian mathematician. His life was devoted to the study of geometry and reforming advanced mathematical teaching in Italy. His reputation mainly rests on his Introduzione ad una teoria geometrica delle curve piane. He notably enriched our knowledge of algebraic curves and algebraic surfaces.

Biography

Luigi Cremona was born in Pavia (Lombardy), then part of the Austrian controlled Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia. His youngest brother was the painter Tranquillo Cremona.

In 1848, when Milan and Venice rose against Austria, Cremona, then only seventeen, joined the ranks of the Italian volunteers. He remained with them, fighting on behalf of his country's freedom, until, in 1849, the capitulation of Venice put an end to the campaign.

He then returned to Pavia, where he pursued his studies at the university under Francesco Brioschi, and determined to seek a career as teacher of mathematics. His first appointment was as elementary mathematical master at the gymnasium and lyceum of Cremona, and he afterwards obtained a similar post at Milan. In 1860 he was appointed to the professorship of higher geometry at the University of Bologna, and in 1866 to that of higher geometry and graphical statics at the higher technical college of Milan. In this same year he competed for the Steiner Prize of the Berlin Academy, with a treatise entitled Memoria sulle superfici del terzo ordine, and shared the award with J. C. F. Sturm. Two years later the same prize was conferred on him without competition.

In 1873 he was called to Rome to organize the college of engineering, and was also appointed professor of higher mathematics at the university. Cremona's reputation had now become European, and in 1879 he was elected a corresponding member of the Royal Society. In the same year he was made a senator of the Kingdom of Italy. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences,(founded 1739) elected Cremona as member 1901.

As early as 1856 Cremona had begun to contribute to the Annali di scienze matematiche e fisiche, and to the Annali di matematica, of which he became afterwards joint editor. Papers by him appeared in the mathematical journals of Italy, France, Germany and England, and he published several important works, many of which have been translated into other languages. His manual Graphical Statics and his Elements of Projective Geometry (translated by Thomas Hudson Beare and C. Leudesdorf respectively) were published in English by the Clarendon Press.

Cremona is noted for the important role he played in bringing about the great geometrical advances in Italy. While at the beginning of the nineteenth century Italy had very little mathematical standing, largely influence by his work, the end of the century found Italy in the lead along geometric lines. He was very influential in bringing about reforms in the secondary schools of Italy and became a leader in questions of mathematical pedagogy as well as in those relating to the advancement of knowledge. The wonderful mathematical advances which Italy made since the middle of the nineteenth century were largely guided by Cremona, Brioschi, and Beltrami.

He died in Rome in 1903.

Works

• Elementi di calcolo grafico: ad uso degli Istitute Tecnice (Stamperia reale di G. B. Paravia e C., Torino, 1874)
• Elementi di geometria projettiva (G. B. Paravia e Comp., Torino, 1873)
• Introduzione ad una teoria geometrica delle curve piane (Tipi Gamberini e Parmeggiani, Bologna, 1862)
• Le figure reciproche nella statica grafica (Tipografia di G. Bernardoni, Milano, 1872)
• Opere matematiche di Luigi Cremona; pubblicati sotto gli auspici della R. Accademia dei Lincei (U. Hoepli, Milano, 1914)
• Preliminari di una teoria geometrica delle superficie (Tipi Gamberini e Parmeggiani, Bologna, 1866)
• Elements of projective geometry (Clarendon press, Oxford, 1885) (translation by Charles Leudesdorf)
• Graphical statics. Two treatises on the graphical calculus and reciprocal figures in graphical statics (Clarendon press, Oxford, 1890) (Translated by Thomas Hudson Beare.)

See also

• Cremona diagram
• Cremona group
• Cremona–Richmond configuration
• Truss

References

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: 
• G. B. Mathews (1917) Opere Matematiche di Luigi Cremona Nature 100:23 (#2498).
• .
• Luigi Cremona at the Mathematics Genealogy Project
• Tricomi: La Matematica Italiana 1800-1950 (entry on Cremona)