Mangkunegara II
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Mangkunegara II was the king in Mangkunegaran who succeeded to the throne of his grandfather, Mangkunegara I. His reign lasted for approximately 40 years (1796–1835). Mangkunegara II was the son of Prince Hario Prabuwijaya, who was the son of Mangkunegara I.
Family
Kanjeng Gusti Pangeran Adipati Aria came from a Prabuwijaya family, born to Queen Alit and Prince Sambernyawa. He was a grandson of both Pakubowono III and Mangkunegara I, maternally and paternally, respectively. This dynasty had a tradition of being strongly militaristic. He became king in Mangkunegaran, replacing his grandfather who had died in 1795. As king, he was called Mangkunegara II.
As a youth in the care of his grandfather, Mangkunegara I, had been prepared for the succession to the royal throne which had been diverted from his father Prince Hario Prabuwijaya. Boundary disputes with neighboring areas increased tensions which led to open warfare. With the experiences of his youth in the direct care of his grandfather, Mangkunegara II, subsequently grew to become a leader in the legendary style of his grandfather.
Government
While Mangkunegara II was ruler in the Duchy of Mangkunegaran, his administration was preoccupied with war and territorial expansion.
Mangkunegara's administration tended to be active and expansive. It played a role in dealing with the colonial power and relations with the other powers in Java.
Expanding the empire
During the reign of Mangkunegara II, Mangkunegaran expanded from 4,000 to 5,500 households.
In the year 1808, Legion Mangkunegaran was formed with 1,150 armed personnel in order to strengthen the position of Mangkunegaran.
The use of the word "Legion" for the army reflects the Mangkunegaran absorption of new ideas from Europe through Daendels, who served as Governor-General in Dutch East Indies.
Regions
Mangkunegaran administration consisted of regions which include Malangjiwan, Wonogiri and Karanganyar.
Mediate Conflict In Yogyakarta
Power situation beginning Java, 1800
Government Mangkunegara II experience success in reducing conflict in Yogyakarta as well as forming a new government in Yogyakarta that is with the Duchy Paku Alaman Kasultanan.Sebagai territory taken from the first Duke of the Duchy of this new Prince of Natakusuma was appointed as Paku Alam I with the title Kanjeng Gustavo Prince Duke Aryan. On March 13, 1813 is a day early and so the Duchy.
During the reign of Mangkunegara II, who reigned in Yogyakarta is Hamengkubuwono II. Sultan of Yogyakarta to the two in his government experience rongrongan intrigue and power of kin and relatives so that running of the government Sultanate experienced ups and downs and full of tension and conflict resulting charge weakening pemerintahan.Yogyakarta less ready in read-century changes involving foreign powers / Europe on the island of Java, which is different from VOC-performance Java Belanda.Terhadap Dutch ruling authorities could play a role as the conquests of the ruling power. Netherlands serving ruler ruler of Java as a strategy to obtain the desired destination.
In 1807 Daendels came to fix admnistratif Java and Java and the archipelago with such new rules to the authorities protocular local authorities including the kings of Java. GAAP Lane IV from Surakarta, who had refused to quickly read the situation and accept it. Mangkunegaran skilled and quickly read the changing times and respond immediately to partnering with the establishment of the Kingdom of the Armed Forces. Yogyakarta little late in reading the changes so accept the risk of deterioration of the Kingdom.
European powers in Java
In contrast to the Netherlands, European powers who came in in 1800 the military as it has the coercive power of the same pembangkangan. Sama from Europe, the European powers who came was the Revolutionary forces, always ready to fight-fighter. In the Sultan's Palace fragmented situation in the group broke down the strength of each one with a lainnya. Ada groupNatakusuma with his son Natadiningrat group in addition to Crown Prince (candidate Hamengkubuwono III) by Captain Yogyakarta region namely China Tan Jiem Sing (later titled Tumenggung Secadiningrat). One more is the group that because of his position Patih Danurejo a compromise between the Sultan and the Governor Netherlands then requires a governor to serve two interests of rulers; Sultanate and the Governor of the Netherlands.
Conflict between groups that invite government in Batavia fell into the area with his army.
European Intervention in Java
In the two periods of the Governor-General (Daendels and Raffles), Yogyakarta suppressed with military force to compel Hamengkubuwono II down the throne. Di December 1810 Daendels with troops 4200 soldiers stormed Yogyakarta. Daendels reduce Hamengkubuwono II and then raised the son of the Crown of Yogyakarta as Hamengkubuwono III and returned to Batavia with the Prince Natakusuma as tawanan. Pada month replacement in July 1812 with 2,000 soldiers stormed the Raffles Yogyakarta. At the same time-Sepehi Gurkha Soldiers who came to Java with the British plan involved a rebellion against British rule because of circulating rumors that they will be sold to the Netherlands and the abandoned England so as to enlarge the number of troops hit Yogyakarta then Raffles contacting their Prince Prangwadana of Mangkunegaran to exert Legion Mangkunegaran]] back up troops Natakusuma.
The strength of Europe who came to Java is the force that has the ability to compel because it comes with a very memadai.Terhadap combat forces that extend the power is not shy reluctant to act tough even if I have to dissolve the authority and traditional rulers in [ [Java]]. The first victim with the advent of Daendels to Java is Banten. By Daendels Sultanate Banten dissolved.
Destabilization of the Sultan's Palace
At the time of Raffles ruled Java replaced Janssens, Sultanate Yogyakarta threatened dibubarkan. Campur Mangkunegaran hands with Legion Mangkunegaran successfulto prevent the dissolution of the Sultanate with the completion of the founding of the Duchy Paku Alaman. Solution founding of the Duchy of Yogyakarta is compromise to prevent the emergence of a kingdom with two rulers.
Compromise is the perfect solution because there is no accuracy to get rid of Hamengkubuwono III and replace it with Prince Natakusuma and also there is no accuracy to maintain Hamengkubuwono III to get rid of Prince Natakusuma. Examples from the past who managed to defuse conflicts that go on is the division of power. March 17, 1813 Yogyakarta, split into two powers. Along with the division (still time Raffles Mangkunegaran get an extra entry in his control area.
Compromise Power in Yogyakarta
The power struggle in Yogyakarta ended with Prince Natakusuma inducted as a Paku Alam, which was attended by Mangkunegara II in the inaugural event but this is just the beginning of the role of'Paku Alaman' in the present conflict in Yogyakarta.Purna already sharing Mataram into two palaces and two Duchy.
References
External links
- Peter Carey, The Power of Prophecy:Prince Dipanagara and The End of An Old Older in Java 1785-1855
- MC.Ricklefs, Jogjakarta Under Sultan Mangkubumi, 1755–1792, History of Java Distribution
- MC. Ricklefs, 1991. History of Modern Indonesia (terj.). Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press
- Djumadi, Thojip, Magazines LOVE, Jakarta, March 7, 1982
- Susilantini, Enda., Mumfangati, Titi., Suyami., Concept Central authorship KGPAA.Mangkunegara IV, Project Assessment and Development Centre for Cultural Values, the Directorate of History and Traditional Values, Directorate General of Culture.
- Moedjanto, G., 1987, The concept of Power of Java: Its application by the Kings of Mataram, London: Canisius
- Purwadi. 2007. History Java Kings. Yogyakarta: Media Studies
- Soekanto, Dr.,About Jogjakarta 1755-1825 (Treaty Giyanti Dipanegara-War), Djakarta: Mahabharata, Amsterdam, 1952.
