Manuel Borges Grainha
Manuel Borges Graínha (14 January 1862 – 4 April 1925) was a Portuguese high school teacher, pedagogue and republican politician.
Contents
Biography
Descended from a family of wool merchants from Covilhã, Borges Grainha did his early studies in the schools of the Society of Jesus, with a view to becoming a priest. In 1886, he broke with this path and moved to Lisbon, where he became involved in Republican circles. In this city, he enrolled in the Higher Course of Letters, which he completed in 1899, beginning his professional career as a teacher in high schools and private colleges.
Alongside his professional activity as a teacher, Borges Grainha published articles and books on educational issues. Borges Grainha also stood out for his anti-clerical activity, in the press and through the works he published or edited. By order of November 24, 1921, Borges Grainha was charged by the government with investigating violations of "the Congregationalist and Separation laws".[1]
Borges Grainha was initiated into Freemasonry in 1893.[2] He was the organizer and director of the Museum of the Revolution of 5 October 1910, inaugurated on 29 December of that year in Lisbon.
Works
Society of Jesus
- Os Jesuítas e as Congregações Religiosas em Portugal nos Últimos Trinta Anos: A Propósito do Caso das Trinas (1891)
- O Portugal Jesuíta (1893)
- A Questão Religiosa e a Liberdade Através da História. Conferência Feita na Associação Académica do Porto no dia 28 de maio de 1893 (1893)
Freemasonry
- História da Franco-Maçonaria em Portugal: 1733-1912. Contendo Notícias Históricas Sobre a Carbonária, a Ordem de S. Miguel da Ala, a Formação do Partido Republicano e o Restabelecimento das Congregações Religiosas e sua Reexpulsão (1912; 1976)
Education
- A Instrução Secundária de Ambos os Sexos no Estrangeiro e em Portugal (1905)
- O Analfabetismo em Portugal: Suas Causas e Meios de as Remover. Relatório Apresentado ao 1.º Congresso Pedagógico de Instrução Primária e Popular promovido pela Liga Nacional de Instrução e realizado em Abril de 1908 (1908)
- Meios de facilitar o ensino das primeiras letras e ortografia prática (1909)
Notes
- ↑ Oliveira, Artur Manuel Villares Pires (1998). "O Regresso das Congregações Religiosas nos Finais da 1.ª República: Um Relatório de Borges Graínha," População e Sociedade, No. 4, pp. 263–84.
- ↑ Oliveira Marques, A. H. de (1986). Dicionário de Maçonaria Portuguesa, Vol. 2. Lisbon: Editorial Delta, pp. 651–52.
References
- Carvalho, António Carlos (1976). "Sobre Borges Grainha." in Grainha, Manuel Borges, História da Franco-Maçonaria em Portugal. Lisboa: Vega, pp. 11–14.
- Nóvoa, António (2003). Dicionário de Educadores Portugueses. sv Manuel Borges Grainha. Porto: Asa.
External links
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