March 2019 North American blizzard

March 2019 North American blizzard

File:Powerful Storm System Seen by GOES West (47380253391).png The extratropical cyclone responsible for the blizzard over the Midwestern United States at 13:55 UTC (9:55 a.m. CDT) on March 13.
Type	Extratropical cyclone Blizzard Ice storm Winter storm Flood Windstorm Tornado outbreak
Formed	March 8, 2019
Dissipated	March 16, 2019
Lowest pressure
Tornadoes confirmed	38
Max rating1	EF2 tornado
Duration of tornado outbreak2	2 days
Highest winds	Gusts: km/h ( mph)
Highest gust	109 mph (175 km/h) at Grand Prairie Airport
Maximum snowfall or ice accretion	50 inches (125 cm) at Wolf Creek pass, Colorado
Power outages	140,000+
Areas affected	Southwestern United States, Rocky Mountains, Great Plains, Central United States, Eastern United States, Eastern Canada
1Most severe tornado damage; see Enhanced Fujita scale 2Time from first tornado to last tornado Part of the 2018–19 North American winter

The March 2019 North American blizzard was a powerful low-pressure system that produced up to two feet of snow, some areas receiving "tropical storm like winds", during the week of March 11, 2019. The storm has been compared to the 2003 blizzard and even to the 1993 Storm of the Century. The storm was labeled a bomb cyclone, as barometric pressure readings dropped in excess of 24 mbar (0.71 inHg) over a 24-hour period. After the storm entered Colorado from its origination in Arizona, the pressure dropped more than 30 mbar (0.89 inHg) and rapidly intensified over the western High Plains. The severe storm set new all time record low barometric pressure readings in Colorado, Kansas and New Mexico. The storm has killed at least 4 (one in Colorado, one in Iowa and at least two in Nebraska) and left ~140,000 without power in Texas.

Meteorological history

The system originated from an extratropical low that developed in the Gulf of Alaska on March 8. Over the next two days, the system moved southeastward, bringing rainfall and windy conditions to California on March 11, and the system was named "Winter Storm Ulmer" by The Weather Channel later that day, due to the storm's expected impacts. Early on March 12, the system moved onshore in Southern California, subsequently developing into a strong Colorado Low over the Southwestern United States. Late on March 12 through early March 13, the already-unusually strong Colorado low underwent explosive intensification, with the storm's minimum central pressure falling from 994 mbar (29.4 inHg) to 968 mbar (28.6 inHg) in roughly 16 hours, more than meeting the criteria for a weather bomb or "bomb cyclone" (a storm that undergoes a pressure drop of at least 24 mbar (0.71 inHg) in 24 hours). The storm's tight pressure gradient allowed wind gusts in excess of 100 mph to develop in the Texas Panhandle. As the storm headed northward towards the Great Lakes, blizzard conditions were reported in several States, from Colorado all the way north into North Dakota and flooding hit the southern portions of those states. The storm also began weakening. The storm was followed by cooler, below seasonal temperatures in much of the Northeast.

Impacts

See also: 2019 Midwestern U.S. floods

United States

Alabama

Damage, potentially from tornadoes, was reported in nine counties in the state. So far, damage has been linked to tornadoes in only three counties.

Colorado

The storm underwent explosive cyclogenesis as it tracked across the Southern Rocky Mountains. Colorado experienced heavy snow and hurricane force wind gusts from the blizzard. 6 to 10 inches (150 to 250 mm) of snow was recorded in the Denver region with 20 in (510 mm) reported in Nederland, Colorado. The storm brought wind gusts that exceeded Category 2 hurricane strength with gusts reaching 96 miles per hour (154 km/h) recorded at Peterson Air Force Base and a 92 mph (148 km/h) gust recorded in Glen Haven. A Category 1 force wind gust of 80 mph (130 km/h) was reported at Denver International Airport. The combination of high winds and icy and snowy conditions forced the cancellation of all flights in and out of Denver International Airport most of the day March 13th and a third of the flights scheduled for March 14th. The rapid intensification of the storm over Colorado may have set a new all time record low pressure record of 971.7 mbar (28.69 inHg) in La Junta, which is somewhat lower than the previous record for Colorado set in 1973 at 973.4 mbar (28.74 inHg). Numerous vehicular accidents were reported with at least 1,000 people stranded on the highways, requiring rescue by the National Guard and emergency services providers. A Colorado State Patrol officer was killed by one driver who lost control of his vehicle on Interstate 76 northeast of Denver.

Indiana

The town of Lowell may have been impacted by a tornado. Nonetheless, a tornado warning was issued for part of the state.

Iowa

Iowa was also affected by heavy rains and flooding, closing parts of all nine state parks. Iowa Governor Kim Reynolds signed an emergency disaster proclamation March 14th. One man was killed in Iowa. Flooding across Iowa was described as "catastrophic" especially in the Missouri River Valley south of Council Bluffs, Iowa. There, at east 30 levee failures flooded towns and highways. Interstate 29 was closed from Council Bluffs to the Missouri state border and from there to St. Joseph, Missouri, with portions of the interstate under 15 ft (4.6 m) of water.

Kentucky

The state was affected by severe thunderstorms that produced several tornadoes. Most notably, an EF-2 spotted near West Paducah, strong enough to rip part of the roof off of the Mount Zion church. Other tornadoes were also spotted, one in Morgansfield and the other 7 miles north of Corydon.

Kansas

Meteorologists were forecasting a record low barometric pressure reading as the storm passed over Kansas. The current record set in 1878 at 971.6 mbar (28.69 inHg) and the storm was forecast to have a slightly lower reading, the equivalent of a Category 2 Hurricane. Dodge City, Kansas reported a new record low pressure.

Michigan

Upwards of 70 buildings in Vernon were damaged by an EF-2 tornado late March 14th. Strong winds and flooding also affected the state.

Nebraska

The Spencer dam as seen in 2010 was destroyed by flooding waters of the Niobrara River

Western Nebraska experienced severe wind gusts and more than a foot of snow in some localities. A wind gust of 89 mph (143 km/h) was recorded in Hemingford, Nebraska and Interstate 80 was closed from Kearney, Nebraska to the Wyoming border. The Interstate 80 closure in Nebraska along with the portions closed in Wyoming spanned a distance of more than 500 miles (800 km). In the eastern half of the state, rapidly melting snows along with frozen rivers caused record setting flooding in many rivers and streams. On the Niobrara River, the Spencer Dam collapsed and the unregulated flooding destroyed 3 bridges downstream including the Highway 281 bridge. In east central Nebraska, residents along the flooded Missouri, Platte and Elkhorn Rivers were forced to evacuate as some locals experienced all time record flooding. The city of Norfolk, Nebraska evacuated a third of its residents. The Platte and Elkhorn Rivers had overflowed their levees in the greater Omaha, Nebraska region and some communities were put under a mandatory evacuation order. The Platte River at numerous sites had reached flooding of "historical proportions" with some sites breaking all time record flood levels by as much as 5 feet (1.5 m). By March 15, access to the city of Fremont was blocked due to all roads being closed in and out of the city. This remained the case days later with national guard military convoys being set up to get food and other supplies into the city. Offutt Air Force Base had extensive flooding from the Platte River and 3,000 ft (910 m) of their only runway was covered in water while 30 buildings had been flooded. As of March 18, 2 persons were reported to have drowned in Nebraska and 2 more are missing and presumed dead. On March 18, Nebraska governor Pete Ricketts stated that the floods caused "[t]he most extensive damage our state has ever experienced." As the flood waters receded some, a preliminary estimate of flood losses include $400 million in agriculture and $500 million in livestock just in Nebraska.

New Mexico

A new all time low barometric pressure reading for New Mexico was set in Clayton and wind gusts of 100 mph (160 km/h) were recorded in Cloudcroft, New Mexico. In addition, powerful thunderstorms moving through the state spawned several tornadoes, damaging many homes.

Oklahoma

A high wind warning was issued by the National Weather Service as thunderstorms with 50 mph (80 km/h) wind gusts downed power lines, tree branches, some fences, and caused other kinds of minor wind damage across Oklahoma City and its suburbs.

South Dakota

The City of Pierre achieved full on blizzard conditions (frequent wind gusts above 35 mph/56 km/h producing visibility lower than 1/4 mile/400 metres for at least 3 hours). These conditions prompted the closure of the I-90 from Wall to Chamberlain. 18.3 inches (46 cm) of snow fell in Kadoka and winds gusted to 70 mph (112 km/h) in Rapid City.

Texas

At San Augustin Pass and at Pine Springs, Texas wind gusts of 104 and 103 mph (167 and 166 km/h) respectively were recorded. At Grand Prairie's municipal airport, a wind gust of 109 mph (175 km/h) tore through, flipping several small airplanes. Winds were great enough in the Texas panhandle to blow over numerous tractor-trailers.

Wyoming

Blizzard conditions were reported for all of eastern Wyoming, especially in the southeastern sections of the state from Casper to the state capital in Cheyenne. Snowfalls in excess of one foot were recorded in several locations with wind gusts of 76 mph (122 km/h) in Carbon County. Both Interstate 25 and 80 were closed through most of the state.

An additional snow squall moved across Southeast Wyoming Friday through Sunday, adding 1-2 inches of snow. Due to the location of the low, many areas were above freezing and had rain instead, which promted the NWS to issue Flood watches and warnings in the area.

Canada

Atlantic Canada

The storm brought above seasonal temperatures to much of Atlantic Canada, along with soaking rains. Although, Labrador was affected by heavy snow with up to 30 cm (1 foot) of snow in some areas. Afterwards, the storm moved out to sea.

Ontario & Quebec

The provinces enjoyed their warmest day in weeks, sparking the risk for isolated severe thunderstorms in extreme southwestern Ontario. These storms triggered flooding along the Humber River, resulting in an evacuation order for 200 people. Behind the storm's cold front, cold, below seasonal temperatures returned along with snowsqualls in the snow belts. Meanwhile, Northern Ontario was hit with heavy snow and strong winds, producing blizzard-like conditions.

See also

• Bomb cyclone
• 1993 Storm of the Century – An extremely powerful extratropical cyclone that brought blizzard conditions to extensive portions of the Eastern U.S. in March 1993