Masayoshi Ōhira

Masayoshi Ōhira
大平 正芳
Prime Minister of Japan
In office 7 December 1978 – 12 June 1980
Monarch	Shōwa
Preceded by	Takeo Fukuda
Succeeded by	Masayoshi Itō (Acting)
Personal details
Born	(1910-03-12)12 March 1910 Kan'onji, Kagawa, Japan
Died	Minato, Tokyo, Japan
Political party	Liberal Democratic Party
Spouse(s)	Shigeko (1916-1990)
Children	Masaki Hiroshi Akira Yoshiko
Alma mater	Hitotsubashi University
Religion	Anglicanism
Signature	Masayoshi Ōhira's signature

Masayoshi Ōhira (大平 正芳, Ōhira Masayoshi, 12 March 1910 – 12 June 1980) was a Japanese politician and the 68th and 69th Prime Minister of Japan from 7 December 1978 to 12 June 1980. Ōhira was the most recent Japanese prime minister to die in office (Keizō Obuchi was removed from office on 5 April 2000 after suddenly falling into a coma, a month before his death in May 2000).

He was born in present-day Kan'onji, Kagawa and attended Hitotsubashi University.

Political career

At the apex of his political life, Ōhira came to represent what were known as "mainstream factions" within the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) which put him at odds with Prime Minister Takeo Fukuda, who led what were known as an "anti-mainstream" faction. Ōhira served as foreign minister in the cabinet of Kakuei Tanaka until mid-July 1974. In a cabinet reshuffle, he was replaced by Toshio Kimura as foreign minister. Ōhira was appointed by Tanaka as finance minister in the same reshuffle and replaced Takeo Fukuda in July 1974.

Ōhira was elected to the presidency of the LDP in late 1978. On 7 December 1978, he was appointed 68th Prime Minister, successfully pushing Takeo Fukuda from his position.

Ōhira was the sixth Christian to hold this office after Hara Takashi, Takahashi Korekiyo, Ichirō Hatoyama, Tetsu Katayama, and Shigeru Yoshida.

In the general election of 1979, the LDP narrowly failed to win an outright majority, but enough independent members of the Diet joined the party to enable Ōhira to remain in office, and he was duly reappointed on 9 November of that year. On 16 May 1980, a vote of no confidence was held in the Diet.

Ōhira expected the motion to fail, and was visibly shaken when it passed 243–187. Sixty-nine members of his own LDP, including Fukuda, abstained. Given the choice of resigning or calling new elections, Ōhira chose the latter and began campaigning for LDP candidates. He was hospitalized for exhaustion on 31 May and died of a massive heart attack 12 days later.

Chief Cabinet Secretary Masayoshi Ito acted in Ōhira's place as deputy after his death. Yoshio Sakurauchi, the Secretary General of LDP, led the LDP to its greatest victory in fifteen years, capitalizing on the sympathy vote generated by Ōhira's death. The Prime Minister was succeeded by Zenko Suzuki after the election.

G8 summit

In 1979, Ōhira was the chairman and host of the 5th G7 summit in Tokyo but his fatal heart attack on 12 June happened only days before the 6th G7 summit was about to begin in Italy. Ōhira's colleague, Foreign Affairs Minister Saburo Okita, led the delegation which represented Japan in his place. Others joining Okita in traveling to the Venetian island of San Giorgio Maggiore were Finance Minister Noboru Takeshita and the head of the Ministry of International Trade and Industry.

Honours

From the corresponding article in the Japanese Wikipedia

• Grand Cordon of the Order of the Chrysanthemum (12 June 1980; posthumous)

Bibliography

• Brown, James Robert. (1999). The ministry of finance: bureaucratic practices and the transformation of the Japanese economy. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing. ISBN 978-1-56720-230-4; OCLC 39033542
• Satō, Seizaburō Ken'ichi Kōyama and Shunpei Kumon. (1990). [ Postwar Politician: The Life of Former Prime Minister Masayoshi Ohira.] Tokyo: Kodansha. ISBN 978-4-7700-1499-3

Political offices
Preceded by Etsusaburo Shiina	Chief Cabinet Secretary 1960-1962	Succeeded by Yasumi Kurogane
Preceded by Zentaro Kosaka	Minister of Foreign Affairs 1962–1964	Succeeded by Etsusaburo Shiina
Preceded by Etsusaburo Shiina	Minister of International Trade and Industry 1968-1970	Succeeded by Kiichi Miyazawa
Preceded by Takeo Fukuda	Minister of Foreign Affairs 1972–1974	Succeeded by Toshio Kimura
	Minister of Finance 1974-1976	Succeeded by Hideo Bō
	Prime Minister of Japan 1978–1980	Succeeded by Masayoshi Itō Acting
Diplomatic posts
Preceded by Helmut Schmidt	Chair of the G7 1979	Succeeded by Francesco Cossiga