Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor

Matthias
Holy Roman Emperor King of Germany
Reign	13 June 1612 – 20 March 1619
Coronation	26 June 1612, Frankfurt
Predecessor	Rudolf II
Successor	Ferdinand II
King of Bohemia
Reign	11 March 1611 – 16 May 1617
Coronation	23 May 1611, Prague
Predecessor	Rudolf II
Successor	Ferdinand II
Archduke of Austria
Reign	25 June 1608 – 20 March 1619
Predecessor	Rudolf II
Successor	Ferdinand II
King of Hungary and Croatia
Reign	25 June 1608 – 1 July 1618
Coronation	19 November 1608, Pressburg
Predecessor	Rudolf II
Successor	Ferdinand II
Born	24 February 1557 Vienna, Austria
Died	Vienna, Austria
Spouse	Anna of Austria-Tyrol
House	House of Habsburg
Father	Maximilian II
Mother	Maria of Austria
Religion	Roman Catholicism

File:Emanuel van Meteren Historie ppn 051504510 MG 8727 Matthias de I.tif

Engraving of Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor

Matthias (24 February 1557 – 20 March 1619) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1612, King of Hungary and Croatia from 1608 (as Matthias II) and King of Bohemia from 1611. He was a member of the House of Habsburg.

Biography

Coronation medal of Matthias II with the Holy Crown of Hungary

Matthias was born in the Austrian capital of Vienna to Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor and Maria of Spain.

Matthias married Archduchess Anna of Austria, daughter of his uncle Archduke Ferdinand II of Austria, whose successor in Further Austria Matthias became in 1595. Their marriage did not produce surviving children.

In 1578, Matthias was invited to the Netherlands by the States-General of the rebellious provinces, who offered him the position of Governor-General. Matthias accepted the appointment, although the position was not recognized by his uncle, Philip II of Spain, the hereditary ruler of the provinces. He set down the rules for religious peace within most of the United Provinces. His work is noted in Article 13 of the 1579 Union of Utrecht, which established freedom of religion as a locally determined issue. Matthias continued as titular governor for the rebels until they deposed Philip II and declared full independence in 1581, at which point he returned home to Austria.

In 1593 he was appointed governor of Austria by his brother, Emperor Rudolf II. He formed a close association there with the Bishop of Vienna, Melchior Klesl, who later became his chief adviser. In 1605 Matthias forced the ailing emperor to allow him to deal with the Hungarian Protestant rebels. The result was the Peace of Vienna of 1606, which guaranteed religious freedom in Hungary and guaranteed the right of Transylvanians to elect their own independent princes in the future. In the same year Matthias was recognized as head of the House of Habsburg and as the future Holy Roman Emperor, as a result of Rudolf's illness. Allying himself with the estates of Hungary, Austria, and Moravia, Matthias forced his brother to yield rule of these lands to him in 1608; Rudolf later ceded Bohemia in 1611. Matthias's army then held Rudolf prisoner in his castle in Prague, until 1611, when Rudolf was forced to cede the crown of Bohemia to his brother.

After Matthias's accession as Holy Roman Emperor, his policy was dominated by Klesl, who hoped to bring about a compromise between Catholic and Protestant states within the Holy Roman Empire in order to strengthen it. Matthias had already been forced to grant religious concessions to Protestants in Austria and Moravia, as well as in Hungary, when he had allied with them against Rudolf. Matthias imprisoned Georg Keglević who was the Commander-in-chief, General, Vice-Ban of Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia and since 1602 Baron in Transylvania, but soon left him free again. At that time the Principality of Transylvania was a fully autonomous, but only semi-independent state under the nominal suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire, where it was the time of the Sultanate of Women.

Matthias's conciliatory policies were opposed by the more intransigent Catholic Habsburgs, particularly Matthias's brother Archduke Maximilian, who hoped to secure the succession for the inflexible Catholic Archduke Ferdinand (later Emperor Ferdinand II). The start of the Bohemian Protestant revolt in 1618 provoked Maximilian to imprison Klesl and revise his policies. Matthias, old and ailing, was unable to prevent a takeover by Maximilian's faction. Ferdinand, who had already been crowned King of Bohemia (1617) and of Hungary (1618), succeeded Matthias as Holy Roman Emperor.

Matthias died in Vienna in 1619.

Names

Names in other languages:

• German: Matthias
• Czech: Matyáš
• Croatian: Matija II.
• Hungarian: II. Mátyás
• Polish: Maciej
• Romanian: Matei
• Russian: Матвей
• Slovak: Matej
• Ukrainian: Матвій

Ancestry

Family of Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor

16. Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor               8. Philip I of Castile                       17. Mary of Burgundy               4. Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor                             18. Ferdinand II of Aragon               9. Joanna of Castile                       19. Isabella I of Castile               2. Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor                                   20. Casimir IV Jagiellon               10. Vladislas II of Bohemia and Hungary                       21. Elisabeth of Austria               5. Anna of Bohemia and Hungary                             22. Gaston de Foix, Count of Candale               11. Anna of Foix-Candale                       23. Catherine of Foix               1. Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor                                         24. Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor (= 16.)               12. Philip I of Castile (= 8.)                       25. Mary of Burgundy (= 17.)               6. Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor                             26. Ferdinand II of Aragon (= 18.)               13. Joanna of Castile (= 9.)                       27. Isabella I of Castile (= 19.)               3. Maria of Spain                                   28. Fernando, Duke of Viseu               14. Manuel I of Portugal                       29. Beatrice of Portugal               7. Isabella of Portugal                             30. Ferdinand II of Aragon (= 18.)               15. Maria of Aragon and Castile                       31. Isabella I of Castile (= 19.)

Titles

Matthias, by the grace of God elected Holy Roman Emperor, forever August, King in Germany, of Hungary, Bohemia, Dalmatia, Croatia, Slavonia, Rama, Serbia, Galicia, Lodomeria, Cumania and Bulgaria, Archduke of Austria, Duke of Burgundy, Brabant, Styria, Carinthia, Carniola, Luxemburg, Württemberg, the Upper and Lower Silesia, Prince of Swabia, Margrave of the Holy Roman Empire, Burgau, Moravia, the Upper and Lower Lusatia, Princely Count of Habsburg, Tyrol, Ferrette, Kyburg, Gorizia, Landgrave of Alsace, Lord of the Wendish March, Pordenone and Salins, etc. etc.

See also

• Kings of Germany family tree. He was related to every other king of Germany.

External links

• Media related to at Wikimedia Commons

Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor House of Habsburg Born: 24 February 1557 Died: 20 March 1619
Regnal titles
Preceded by Emperor Rudolf II	King of Bohemia 1611–1619	Succeeded by Emperor Ferdinand II
	King of Hungary and Croatia 1608–1619
	King in Germany 1612–1618
	Holy Roman Emperor 1612–1619
	Archduke of Austria 1608–1619	Succeeded by Albert VII
Preceded by Ferdinand II	Archduke of Further Austria 1608–1619