My Life in the Bush of Ghosts (album)

My Life in the Bush of Ghosts
File:My Life in the Bush of Ghosts.jpg
Studio album by Brian Eno–David Byrne
Released	February 1981 (1981-02)
Recorded	August 4, 1979 – October 1980
Studio	Various RPM Studios, NYC Blue Rock Studios, NYC Eldorado Recording Studios, Burbank Different Fur, San Francisco Sigma Sound Studios, NYC
Genre	Experimental rock worldbeat funk-rock
Length	39:40
Language	English, Arabic
Label	Sire/Warner Bros.
Producer	Brian Eno, David Byrne
Brian Eno and David Byrne chronology
My Life in the Bush of Ghosts (1981) Everything That Happens Will Happen Today (2008)
David Byrne chronology
My Life in the Bush of Ghosts (1981) The Catherine Wheel (1981)
Brian Eno chronology
Fourth World, Vol. 1: Possible Musics (1980) My Life in the Bush of Ghosts (1981) Ambient 4: On Land (1982)
2006 Re-issue Cover
2006 Re-issue Cover
Singles from My Life in the Bush of Ghosts
"America Is Waiting" Released: 1981 "The Jezebel Spirit" Released: 1981

My Life in the Bush of Ghosts is a 1981 album by Brian Eno and David Byrne, titled after Amos Tutuola's 1954 novel of the same name. While it received mixed reviews upon its release, My Life is now widely regarded as a high point in the discographies of Eno and Byrne.

Critic John Bush describes it as a "pioneering work for countless styles connected to electronics, ambience, and Third World music", and in a 1985 interview, singer Kate Bush remarked that the album "left a very big mark on popular music". The extensive use of sampling on the album is widely considered ground-breaking—it was one of the first to do so—but its actual influence on the sample-based music genres that later emerged continues to be debated.

Pitchfork Media listed My Life in the Bush of Ghosts as the 21st best album of the 1980s. Slant Magazine listed the album at No. 83 on its list of the "Best Albums of 1980s".

Recording and production

Eno and Byrne first worked together while collaborating on More Songs About Buildings and Food, the 1978 album by Byrne's band Talking Heads. My Life was primarily recorded during a break between touring for Fear of Music (1979) and the recording of Remain in Light (1980), subsequent Talking Heads albums also produced by Eno, but the release was delayed while legal rights were sought for the large number of samples used throughout the album. Anthropologist Bob White calls the album experimental rock, while John Bush of AllMusic called it "45 minutes of worldbeat/funk-rock". Eno described the album as a "vision of a psychedelic Africa."

The "found objects" credited to Eno and Byrne were common objects used mostly as percussion. In the notes for the 2006 expanded edition of the album, Byrne writes that they would often use a normal drum kit, but with a cardboard box replacing the bass drum, or a frying pan replacing the snare drum; this would blend the familiar drum sound with unusual percussive noises. Rather than conventional pop or rock singing, most of the vocals are sampled from other sources, such as commercial recordings of Arabic singers, radio disc jockeys, and an exorcist. Musicians had previously used similar sampling techniques, but critic Dave Simpson declares it had never before been used "to such cataclysmic effect" as on My Life.

In 2001, Q magazine asked Eno whether he and Byrne had invented sampling. He replied:

No, there was already a history of it. People such as Holger Czukay had made experiments using IBM Dictaphones and short-wave radios and so on. The difference was, I suppose, that I decided to make it the lead vocal on the album My Life in the Bush of Ghosts

The album was recorded entirely with analogue technology, before the advent of digital sequencing and MIDI. The sampled voices were synchronized with the instrumental tracks via trial and error, a practice that was often frustrating, but which also produced several happy accidents.

Also according to Byrne's 2006 notes, neither he nor Eno had read Tutuola's novel before the album was recorded. Both were familiar with Tutuola's earlier The Palm-Wine Drinkard (1952), but his My Life in the Bush of Ghosts was not easily obtained in the U.S. when the material was recorded. Even without reading the book, Eno and Byrne thought the title reflected their interest in African music, and also had an evocative, vaguely sinister quality that also referenced the voices sampled for the album: the vocalists were recorded sometimes several decades before being re-appropriated by Eno and Byrne, and the voices often seemed to take on unanticipated qualities when placed in the new context.

Samples

Notes below indicated the voices sampled, from the liner notes.

Side one

1. "America Is Waiting" – Unidentified indignant radio host (Ray Taliaferro of KGO NEWSTALK AM 810), San Francisco, April 1980.
2. "Mea Culpa" – Inflamed caller and smooth politician replying, both unidentified. Radio call-in show, New York, July 1979.
3. "Regiment" – Dunya Yunis [sic], Lebanese mountain singer, from The Human Voice in the World of Islam (Tangent Records TGS131)
4. "Help Me Somebody" – Reverend Paul Morton, broadcast sermon, New Orleans, June 1980.
5. "The Jezebel Spirit" – Unidentified exorcist, New York, September 1980.

Side two

6. "Qu'ran" – Algerian Muslims chanting the Qur'an. (same source as track 3)
7. "Moonlight in Glory" – The Moving Star Hall Singers, Sea Island, Georgia. (From The Moving Star Hall Singers, Folkways FS 3841), produced by Guy Carawan.
8. "The Carrier" – *Dunya Yunis. (same source as track 3)
9. "A Secret Life" – Samira Tewfik, Lebanese popular singer. (from Les Plus Grandes Artistes du Monde Arabe, EMI)
10. "Come with Us" – *Unidentified radio evangelist, San Francisco, April 1980

Packaging

Original package design was created by Peter Saville.

Having tried a few different directions for LP cover art, we decided to incorporate the video monitor as a painting tool, as Brian and others were doing here and there. By pointing the camera at the monitor and generating video feedback a few little cutout humanoid shapes pasted on the screen would be infinitely multiplied. And by fussing with the color setting on the backs of the TV sets one could saturate and skew the color quite a bit. I also took some pictures of just skewed vortexes and whorls of color, and then we did some images where we skewed the color on pictures that had been taken of ourselves and then took polaroids of the results. Somehow, despite it being very techie, these techniques also seemed analogous to what we were doing on the record. It was funky as well as being techie. Extremely lo tech actually, and not what you were supposed to do with a TV set

For the 2006 reissue, new artwork was designed by Peter Buchanan-Smith, with booklet cover images and studio photography by Hugh Brown.

Reception

Professional ratings
Review scores
Source	Rating
Allmusic
Robert Christgau	C+
Rolling Stone
Drowned in Sound (2006 re-issue)
The Guardian (2006 re-issue)
The Independent (2006 re-issue)
The Observer (2006 re-issue)
Pitchfork Media (2006 re-issue)	8.5/10
The Times (2006 re-issue)
Uncut (2006 re-issue)

The album enthused Rick Wright of Pink Floyd, "knocked me sideways when I first heard it – full of drum loops, samples and soundscapes. Stuff that we really take for granted now, but which was unheard of in all but the most progressive musical circles at the time… The way the sounds were mixed in was so fresh, it was amazing."

25th anniversary reissue

The album was reissued on March 27, 2006 in the UK and April 11, 2006 in the US, remastered and with seven extra tracks. To mark the reissue, two songs were made available to download online, consisting of the entire multitracks. Under the Creative Commons License, members of the public are able to download the multitracks, and use them for their own remixes.

The track "Qu'ran" was excluded from this release without comment. However, in an interview for Pitchfork Media about the 2006 reissue, Byrne said:

Way back when the record first came out, in 1981, it might have been '82, we got a request from an Islamic organization in London, and they said, 'We consider this blasphemy that you put grooves to the chanting of the Holy Book.' And we thought, 'Okay, in deference to somebody's religion, we'll take it off.' You could probably argue for and against monkeying with something like that. But I think we were certainly feeling very cautious about this whole thing. We made a big effort to try and clear all the voices, and make sure everybody was okay with everything. Because we thought, 'We're going to get accused of all kinds of things, and so we want to cover our asses as best we can.' So I think in that sense we reacted maybe with more caution than we had to. But that's the way it was.

While discussing the re-release in 2006, the two began collaborating again on a new project that became the album Everything That Happens Will Happen Today, which was independently released in 2008. Byrne toured to promote his collaborations with Eno in 2008 and 2009, resulting in the release of the live EP Everything That Happens Will Happen on This Tour – David Byrne on Tour: Songs of David Byrne and Brian Eno featuring a performance of "Help Me Somebody" in 2008.

Track listing

Original LP (1981)

All music composed by Brian Eno and David Byrne, except "Regiment" by Eno, Byrne, and Michael "Busta Cherry" Jones.

Side one
No.	Title	Length
1.	"America Is Waiting"	3:36
2.	"Mea Culpa"	3:35
3.	"Regiment"	3:56
4.	"Help Me Somebody"	4:18
5.	"The Jezebel Spirit"	4:55

Side two
No.	Title	Length
1.	"Qu'ran"	3:46
2.	"Moonlight in Glory"	4:19
3.	"The Carrier"	3:30
4.	"A Secret Life"	2:20
5.	"Come with Us"	2:38
6.	"Mountain of Needles"	2:35

In the 1982 second edition, the track "Qu'ran"—which features samples of Qur'anic recital—was removed at the request of the Islamic Council of Great Britain. In its place "Very, Very Hungry" (the B-side of "The Jezebel Spirit" 12" EP) was substituted. The first edition of the CD (1986) included both tracks, with "Very, Very Hungry" as a bonus track. Later editions (1990 and later) followed the revised LP track order without "Qu'ran."

Ghosts

A widely circulated bootleg of outtakes was released in 1992 as Klondyke Records KR 21. Sound quality is nearly equal to the original CD release.

1. "Interview" – 3:03 (excerpt from Brian's February 2, 1980 KPFA-FM interview, where he discusses recording the album)
2. "Mea Culpa" – 4:56
3. "Into the Spirit Womb" [sic](actual title as spoken on the track is "Into the Spirit World") – 6:07 ("The Jezebel Spirit" with the original Kathryn Kuhlman vocals, which her estate refused to license)
4. "Regiment"  (Byrne, Eno, Jones) – 4:13
5. "The Friends of Amos Tutuola" – 2:01 ("Two Against Three" in the official 2006 re-release)
6. "America Is Waiting"  (Byrne, Eno, Laswell, Wright, Van Tieghem) – 3:42
7. "The Carrier" – 4:22
8. "Very Very Hungry" – 3:25
9. "On the Way to Zagora" – 2:43 ("Pitch to Voltage" in the official 2006 re-release)
10. "Les Hommes Ne Le Sauront Jamais" – 3:33 ("Number 8 Mix" in the official 2006 re-release)
11. "A Secret Life" – 2:34
12. "Come with Us" – 2:42
13. "Mountain of Needles" – 2:31

Except as noted, the tracks are the same mix as originally released.

2006 expanded issue

Remastered, with bonus tracks. 2, 3, 7 and 8 are longer than on the original album.

1. "America Is Waiting"  (Byrne, Eno, Laswell, Wright, Van Tieghem) – 3:38
2. "Mea Culpa" – 4:57
3. "Regiment"  (Byrne, Eno, Jones) – 4:11
4. "Help Me Somebody" – 4:17
5. "The Jezebel Spirit" – 4:56
6. "Very, Very Hungry" – 3:21
7. "Moonlight in Glory" – 4:30
8. "The Carrier" – 4:19
9. "A Secret Life" – 2:31
10. "Come with Us" – 2:42
11. "Mountain of Needles" – 2:39
12. "Pitch to Voltage" – 2:38
13. "Two Against Three" – 1:55
14. "Vocal Outtakes" – 0:36
15. "New Feet" – 2:26
16. "Defiant" – 3:41
17. "Number 8 Mix" – 3:30
18. "Solo Guitar with Tin Foil" – 3:00

Personnel

• David Byrne and Brian Eno – guitars, bass guitars, synthesizers, drums, percussion, found objects
• John Cooksey – drums on "Help Me Somebody" and "Qu'ran"
• Chris Frantz – drums on "Regiment"
• Robert Fripp – Frippertronics on "Regiment"
• Michael "Busta Cherry" Jones – bass guitar on "Regiment"
• Dennis Keeley – bodhrán on "Mea Culpa"
• Bill Laswell – bass guitar on "America Is Waiting"
• Mingo Lewis – batá, sticks on "The Jezebel Spirit" and "The Carrier"
• Prairie Prince – can, bass drum on "The Jezebel Spirit" and "The Carrier"
• José Rossy – congas, agong-gong on "Moonlight in Glory"
• Steve Scales – congas, metals on "Help Me Somebody"
• David Van Tieghem – drums, percussion (scrap metal, found objects) on "America Is Waiting" and "Regiment"
• Tim Wright – click bass on "America Is Waiting"
• Rooks on "Help Me Somebody" courtesy of April Potts, recorded at Eglingham Hall

Release history

Region	Date	Label	Format	Catalog
Worldwide	1981	Sire	LP	1-6093
			CD	2-6093
		E'G		48
	1988	Sire		2-6093
			Cassette tape	4-6093
	1990		CD	2-45374
	1991		LP	1-45374
			Cassette tape	4-45374
	1999	EMI	CD	0777 7 86473 2 4
		Sire		45374
	2006	Nonesuch		79894

Chart performance

Chart (1981)	Peak position
UK Albums Chart	29
New Zealand Albums Chart	8
US Albums Chart	44
Chart (2006)	Peak position
Belgian (Flanders) Albums Chart	62

External links

• My Life in the Bush of Ghosts (Adobe Flash) at Radio3Net (streamed copy where licensed)
• Homepage for re-release and remixes
• My Life in the Bush of Ghosts (reissue) at MusicBrainz
• Website for the 2006 reissue
• Transcriptions, and possible alternatives, of the "lyrics"