National Bureau of Criminal Identification

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The National Bureau of Criminal Identification (NCBI), also called the National Bureau of Identification[1] was an agency founded by the National Chiefs of Police Union in 1896, and opened in 1897, to record identifying information on criminals and share that information with law enforcement.[2][3] It was located in Chicago until 1902, at which point it was moved to Washington DC. William Pinkerton donated his agency's collection of photographs to the newfound agency.[4] NCBI initially only collected photographs and Bertillon records,[5] which limited the Bureau's effectiveness.[6][7] Its effectiveness greatly increased when it began collecting fingerprints. NCBI ceased to exist as an independent organization when it was absorbed into the Federal Bureau of Investigation in 1924.[8][9]

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