National Union (Portugal)

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National Union
União Nacional
Founder António de Oliveira Salazar
Founded July 30, 1930 (1930-07-30)
Dissolved 1974; 50 years ago (1974)
Headquarters Lisbon, Portugal
Youth wing Mocidade Portuguesa
Paramilitary wing Legião Portuguesa
Ideology Portuguese nationalism
Lusitanian Integralism
Clerical fascism
Authoritarianism
Political position Far-right
Religion Roman Catholicism
International affiliation None
Colours          Blue and white
Politics of Portugal
Political parties
Elections

The National Union (Portuguese: União Nacional; Portuguese pronunciation: [uniˈɐ̃w̃ nɐsiuˈnaɫ]) was the only legal political party in Portugal for most of the period of the Estado Novo. Ideologically, the National Union was an authoritarian, clerico-fascist party dominated by António de Oliveira Salazar.

History

The organization was founded in 1930 during the National Dictatorship period of 1928–33. Officially it was not a political party, but an "organisation of unity of all the Portuguese". For the next 43 years, it effectively held a monopoly of power in the Estado Novo. The opposition Movement of Democratic Unity was legal in 1945–48, but even then the political system was so heavily rigged that it had no realistic chance of winning.

The party won all seats in elections to the Portuguese National Assembly from 1934 to 1973. Opposition candidates were nominally allowed after 1945, but prematurely withdrew in the 1945 and 1973 elections. In 1970 – two years after Salazar had been replaced as leader and prime minister by Marcello Caetano – the name of the party was altered to Acção Nacional Popular (People's National Action), and subsequent to Salazar's retirement faced formal competition in the 1969 election, nevertheless winning all constituencies in a landslide.[1]

The party had no real philosophy apart from support for the regime. As a result, it melted away after the Portuguese Revolution of 1974.

List of Presidents

Electoral results

Corporative Chamber
Election year # of
overall votes
 % of
overall vote
# of
overall seats won
+/– Leader
1934 476,706 (#1) 100
100 / 100
New
António de Oliveira Salazar
1938 694,290 (#1) 100
100 / 100
Steady
António de Oliveira Salazar
1942 758,215 (#1) 100
100 / 100
Steady
António de Oliveira Salazar
1945 unknown (#1) 100
120 / 120
Increase 20
António de Oliveira Salazar
1953 unknown (#1) 100
120 / 120
Steady
António de Oliveira Salazar
1957 unknown (#1) 100
120 / 120
Steady
António de Oliveira Salazar
1961 973,997 (#1) 100
130 / 130
Increase 10
António de Oliveira Salazar
1965 unknown (#1) 100
130 / 130
Steady
António de Oliveira Salazar
1969 981,263 (#1) 87.99
130 / 130
Steady
Marcelo Caetano
1973 1,393,294 (#1) 100
150 / 150
Increase 20
Marcelo Caetano

See also

Footnotes

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