New Technology Telescope

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New Technology Telescope
Observatorio la silla ntt.JPG
Organisation European Southern Observatory
Location(s) La Silla Observatory, Chile
Coordinates Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Altitude 2,375 metres (7,792 ft)
Wavelength Optical
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First light 1989
Telescope style Lua error in Module:Wikidata at line 446: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
Diameter 3.58 m, thin meniscus (24 cm)[1]
Collecting area Lua error in Module:Wikidata at line 446: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
Mounting Alt-azimuth
Commons page [[Commons:Category:Lua error in Module:Wikidata at line 446: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). |Related media on Wikimedia Commons]]

The New Technology Telescope or NTT is an Alt-Az, 3.58-metre Ritchey–Chrétien telescope part of the European Southern Observatory and began operations in 1989. It is located in Chile at the La Silla Observatory and was an early pioneer in the use of active optics. The telescope and its enclosure developed a revolutionary design for optimal image quality.[2]

Characteristics

ESO's New Technology Telescope at La Silla

The main mirror of NTT is flexible and its shape is actively adjusted during observations by actuators to preserve the optimal image quality. The secondary mirror position is also actively controlled in three directions. This technology, developed by ESO, known as active optics, is now applied to all major modern telescopes, such as the Very Large Telescope at Cerro Paranal and the future European Extremely Large Telescope. The design of the octagonal enclosure housing the NTT is another technological breakthrough. The telescope dome is relatively small, and is ventilated by a system of flaps that makes air flow smoothly across the mirror, reducing turbulence and leading to sharper images.[3]

Although other pre-existing telescopes such as the Nordic Optical Telescope had lightweight mirrors supported by actuators, the NTT is claimed to be the first telescope using full active optics. Its design as well as the design of its enclosure (the building protecting it) included many revolutionary features, from whence it was named. In particular, great care was taken to ensure a good ventilation of the telescope, and to avoid heat sources in around the telescope. Since its construction, the NTT has undergone several upgrades which continued to improve its quality. It was used as a real-life test bench for the engineering concepts and software used for the Very Large Telescope.

The New Technology Telescope initially had the same problem as the Hubble Space Telescope - the mirror was ground to the wrong shape due to a mis-calibrated null corrector. However, the active optics system of the NTT was able to correct that error without refiguring the mirror.[4]

Instruments

Currently, the NTT is equipped with 2 instruments:[5]

Science with the NTT

The NTT and its instrument have contributed for important discoveries since the telescope started working at La Silla. These include unravelling the mysterious Galactic centre,[6] contributing to the observations of the first solar-like oscillations in another star,[7] and breaking many distance records by finding new galaxies in the far-away Universe.[8] Most recently, the NTT helped detect a disc around a massive young star,[9] solving the mystery of star formation in massive stars, and its observations were crucial to determine how asteroids are modified by solar wind.[10]

Perhaps most significantly, NTT observations of stars orbiting the centre of our Milky Way helped determine the mass and the radius of its supermassive black hole, effectively helping confirming the existence of such a massive and compact object.[11][12]

Gallery

  • The warm glow of rays of sunshine.[13]

  • Construction NTT - before

  • Construction NTT - after

  • NTT under the night sky[14]

  • Remote Control Room in Garching (GER)

  • Sunset at the La Silla Observatory

  • NTT mirror was pioneering the use of active optics

  • Rotating NTT during 30-second exposure

  • NTT and Leonhard Euler Telescope in front

  • NTT's mirror

  • NTT seen from ESO 3.6m Telescope site

  • Timelapse Video inside the NTT (fisheye)

References

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  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.. Mentions null corrector error that happened during the manufacture of the New Technology Telescope, and the correction by the active optics system.
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

External links

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