Nicolas-Antoine Taunay

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Nicolas-Antoine Taunay
File:Nicolas-Antoine Taunay - auto-retrato.jpg
Self-portrait (crayon on paper)
Born (1755-02-10)10 February 1755
Paris, France
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Paris, France
Nationality French
Occupation Painter

Nicolas-Antoine Taunay (10 February 1755 – 20 March 1830) was a French painter known best for his landscapes with scenes from ancient and modern history, mythology, and religion.

Early years

Nicolas Antoine Taunay was born in Paris, France, in 1755. His father was an enamel painter.

Taunay entered the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris at the age of fifteen and became a pupil of Nicolas-Bernard Lepicié. He later studied in the studios of Nicolas-Guy Brenet and Francesco Giuseppe Casanova.[1] He specialized in painting landscapes. Taunay first exhibited his work at the Jeunesse and Salon de la Correspondance. In 1784 he was admitted as an assistant at the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture. He was now able to exhibit at official shows.[2] Taunay obtained a three-year scholarship to study at the French Academy in Rome in the Palazzo Mancini. While in Italy he met the artist Jacques-Louis David.

After returning to France in 1787 Taunay exhibited in the Paris Salon.[2] He married Josephine Rondel (1768–1844) soon after his return. They had six children, one of them being the also painter Félix Taunay, the father of French-Brazilian author Alfredo d'Escragnolle Taunay. He lived with his family in Montmorency, Val-d'Oise, during the Reign of Terror (1793–1794).[1] He returned to Paris in 1796 and joined the newly formed Institut de France. In 1805 he painted scenes of Napoleon's campaigns in Germany.[2] In 1806 he started contributing work to the Manufacture de Sévres. The Empress Josephine commissioned many paintings of battle scenes from him.[1]

Brazil

File:Nicolas-Antoine Taunay - Retrato da Marquesa de Belas.jpg
Portrait of the Marchioness of Belas (1816)

After the fall of Napoleon Taunay moved to Brazil as a member of the Missão Artística Francesa (French Artistic Mission), funded by King John VI of Portugal.[2] The Missão Artística Francesa was organized by Joachim Lebreton. He had brought a group of artists to Brazil, arriving in Rio de Janeiro on 25 March 1816. These included the painter Jean-Baptiste Debret, Nicolas's brother the sculptor Auguste Marie Taunay, the engraver Charles-Simon Pradier and the architect Auguste-Henri-Victor Grandjean de Montigny. They were to form the nucleus of a royal art academy in Brazil.[3]

Nicolas-Antoine Taunay became a member of the Royal School of Sciences, Arts and Trades, later to become the Imperial Academy of Beaux-Arts, as professor of landscape painting.[2]

The arrival of the French group caused some controversy among the local Portuguese intelligentsia, who were concerned at the excessive influence being given to the French in developing the cultural life of Brazil. In turn, the French were unhappy with political appointments such as the appointment of Henrique José da Silva as head of the school in place of Lebreton, who had died in 1819. For this reason, Nicolas-Antoine Taunay returned to France in 1821,[4] holding the title of Baron of Taunay, granted by the Portuguese king.[5]

Nicolas-Antoine Taunay died in 1830. During his lifetime he was considered one of the greatest of the painters of the First French Empire. After his death he was soon forgotten, although his work went through a revival in popularity in the 1870s organized by the Goncourt brothers.[6]

Works

Although his main interest was historical landscape painting, Nicolas-Antoine Taunay was also a skilled painter of portraits and battle scenes. His style reflects Dutch and classical French influences.[1]

  • Nicolas-Antoine Taunay - Le bivouac des sans-coulottes.jpg

    Le bivouac des sans-coulottes, 1790

  • Nicolas-Antoine Taunay - Trait de bravoure et de patriotisme de plusieurs soldats français détenus en prison - Musée de la Révolution française.jpg

    Bravery and patriotism of French soldiers detained in prison, 1794

  • Héroïsme des marins du vaisseau Le Vengeur commandés par le capitaine Renaudin..jpg

    Heroism of the sailors of the ship of the line Vengeur under captain Renaudin, 1795

  • Nicolas-Antoine Taunay - Le triomphe de la guillotine.jpg

    Le triomphe de la guillotine, 1795

  • Nicolas-Antoine Taunay.jpg

    View of the bay and the entry of the city of Rio as seen from the terrace of the convent of Santo Antônio, 1816

  • Nicolas-Antoine Taunay 02.jpg

    Carioca Square, Rio de Janeiro, 1816

  • Nicolas Antoine Taunay - Vista da Praia e da Igreja da Glória do Outeiro no Rio de Janeiro.jpg

    View from the Outeiro, the beach and the Church of Glória, c. 1817

  • Nicolas Antoine Taunay - Vista da baía do Rio de Janeiro tirada das montanhas da Tijuca.JPG

    View of Rio de Janeiro bay from the mountains in Tijuca, c. 1820

  • Nicolas Antoine Taunay - Festa napolitana.JPG

    Napolitan Festival, 1824

  • Nicolas Antoine Taunay - Paisagem pastoril.jpg

    Pastoral landscape

References

Citations

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Fahy 2005, p. 289.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Taunay, Nicolas Antoine: Itaú.
  3. ↑ Williams 2001, p. 267.
  4. ↑ Sadlier 2010, p. 112.
  5. ↑ "A Corte no Brasil: Vida artística urbana: Escola Real de Ciências, Artes e Ofícios" Archived 2017-04-27 at the Wayback Machine. In: Arquivo Nacional. O Arquivo Nacional e a História Luso-Brasileira
  6. ↑ Lebrun & Taunay 2003, p. 5.

Sources

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  • "Funérailles de M. Taunay", Journal des artistes: annonce et compte rendu des ouvrages de peinture, sculpture, architecture, gravure, lithographie, poésie, musique et art dramatique, Paris: Société libre des beaux-arts, 4 April 1830, pp. 464–465.
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