Norman Bel Geddes

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Norman Bel Geddes
File:Norman Bel Geddes extracted.jpg
Born Norman Melancton Geddes
(1893-04-27)April 27, 1893
Adrian, Michigan, U.S.
Died Script error: The function "death_date_and_age" does not exist.
New York, New York, U.S.
Nationality American
Occupation Theatrical designer
Industrial designer
Notable work Airliner Number 4
Futurama
Mark I computer case
Spouse(s) Helen Belle Schneider
Edith Lutyens
Children Barbara Bel Geddes
Joan Bel Geddes Ulanov
File:Norman Bel Geddes by Frances Resor Waite c.1937.jpg
Norman Bel Geddes with part of the Shell Oil City of Tomorrow. Photo: Frances Resor Waite c.1937.

Norman Bel Geddes (born Norman Melancton Geddes; April 27, 1893 – May 8, 1958) was an American theatrical and industrial designer.[1]

Early life

Bel Geddes was born Norman Melancton Geddes in Adrian, Michigan and was raised in New Philadelphia, Ohio, the son of Flora Luelle (née Yingling) and Clifton Terry Geddes, a stockbroker.[2] When he married Helen Belle Schneider in 1916, they combined their names to Bel Geddes.[3] Their daughters were actress Barbara Bel Geddes[4] and writer Joan Ulanov.[5]

Career

The insignia used by Bel Geddes in his published works

Bel Geddes began his career with set designs for Aline Barnsdall's Los Angeles Little Theater in the 1916–17 season, then in 1918 as the scene designer for the Metropolitan Opera in New York. He designed and directed various theatrical works,[6] from Arabesque and The Five O'Clock Girl on Broadway to an ice show, It Happened on Ice, produced by Sonja Henie. He also created set designs for the film Feet of Clay (1924), directed by Cecil B. DeMille, designed costumes for Max Reinhardt, and created the sets for the Broadway production of Sidney Kingsley's Dead End (1935).[citation needed]

Bel Geddes opened an industrial-design studio in 1927, and designed a wide range of commercial products, from cocktail shakers to commemorative medallions to radio cabinets. His designs extended to unrealized futuristic concepts: a teardrop-shaped automobile, and an Art Deco House of Tomorrow.[7] In 1929, he designed "Airliner Number 4," a 9-deck amphibian airliner that incorporated areas for deck-games, an orchestra, a gymnasium, a solarium, and two airplane hangars.[8]

His book Horizons (1932) had a significant impact: "By popularizing streamlining when only a few engineers were considering its functional use, he made possible the design style of the thirties."[9] He wrote forward-looking articles for popular American periodicals.[10][11]

In the classic science fiction film of H. G. Wells' Things to Come (1936), he assisted production designer William Cameron Menzies on the look of the world of tomorrow.

Bel Geddes designed the General Motors Pavilion, known as Futurama, for the 1939 New York World's Fair. For that famous and enormously influential installation, Bel Geddes exploited his earlier work in the same vein: he had designed a "Metropolis City of 1960" in 1936.[12]

Bel Geddes's book Magic Motorways (1940) promoted advances in highway design and transportation, foreshadowing the Interstate Highway System, along with aspects of driver assist and autonomous driving.[13]

The case for the Mark I computer was designed by Norman Bel Geddes. IBM's Thomas Watson presented it to Harvard. At the time, some saw it as a waste of resources, since computing power was in high demand during this part of World War II and those funds could have been used to build additional equipment.[citation needed]

Death and legacy

Bel Geddes died in New York on May 8, 1958.[3] His autobiography, Miracle in the Evening, was published posthumously in 1960.

Bel Geddes is a member of the American Theater Hall of Fame, a distinction he shares with his daughter, actress Barbara Bel Geddes.[14] The United States Postal Service issued a postage stamp honoring Bel Geddes as a "Pioneer Of American Industrial Design".[15]

The archive of Norman Bel Geddes is held by the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas at Austin. This large collection includes models, drafts, watercolor designs, research notes, project proposals, and correspondence. The Ransom Center also holds the papers of Bel Geddes' wife, the noted costume designer and producer Edith Lutyens Bel Geddes.[16]

Gallery

  • Model of teardrop-shaped automobile designed by Bel Geddes

  • General Motors 25th anniversary medal Norman Bel Geddes 1933.jpg

    General Motors 25th anniversary medal, 1933, featuring teardrop shaped car

  • Through the City of Tomorrow Without a Stop Shell Oil advertisement 1937.jpg

    "Through the City of Tomorrow Without a Stop", Shell Oil advertisement, 1937.

  • Norman Bel Geddes. Cocktail Set. 1937. Brooklyn Museum

  • Street intersection Futurama.jpg

    A full scale street intersection in the City of the Future at the Futurama exhibit at the 1939 New York World's Fair

  • Emerson Model 400-3 Patriot (1940).jpg

    Emerson Model 400-3 "Patriot" (1940) radio designed by Bel Geddes, made of Catalin

Selected publications

See also

References and notes

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  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ Magic motorways by Norman Bel Geddes, 1940, pp. 43-56. Quote: "But these cars of 1960 and the highways on which they drive will have in them devices which will correct the faults of human beings as drivers. They will prevent the driver from committing errors. They will make it possible for him to proceed at full speed through dense fog."
  14. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  15. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  16. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

External links

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