Okinoerabujima
| Japanese: Okinoerabujima (沖永良部島?) Amami: Yyerabu (っイェラブ?) Kunigami: Iraabu (いラーブ?) |
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| File:Yakomo beach 2012.jpg
Yakomo beach on Okinoerabujima
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| Geography | |
| Location | East China Sea |
| Coordinates | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. |
| Archipelago | Amami Islands |
| Area | Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
| Length | 20 km (12 mi) |
| Width | 7 km (4.3 mi) |
| Coastline | 50 km (31 mi) |
| Highest elevation | 246 m (807 ft) |
| Highest point | Ōyama |
| Country | |
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Japan
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| Prefectures | Kagoshima Prefecture |
| District | Ōshima District |
| Demographics | |
| Population | 15,000 (as of 2013) |
| Density | 150 /km2 (390 /sq mi) |
| Ethnic groups | Japanese |
Okinoerabujima (沖永良部島?, Amami: っイェラブ Yyerabu; Kunigami: いラーブ Iraabu) is one of the Satsunan Islands, classed with the Amami archipelago between Kyūshū and Okinawa.[1]
The island, 93.63 km² in area, has a population of approximately 15,000 persons. Administratively it is divided into the towns of Wadomari and China in Kagoshima Prefecture. Much of the island is within the borders of the Amami Guntō Quasi-National Park.
Contents
Geography
Okinoerabujima is isolated from the other Amami islands, and is located in between Tokunoshima and Yoronjima, approximately 536 kilometres (289 nmi) south of the southern tip of Kyūshū and 60 kilometres (32 nmi) north of Okinawa.
The island is an elevated coralline island with a length of approximately 20 kilometres (12 mi) and width of 7 kilometres (4.3 mi), with Mount Ōyama at 246 metres (807 ft) above sea level at its highest peak. .[2] In the eastern part of the island is an extensive limestone cave system, one of the largest in Asia.[3] The coast of the island is surrounded by a coral reef.
Climate
Okinoerabujima has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa) with very warm summers and mild winters. Precipitation is significant throughout the year, but is somewhat lower in winter. The island is subject to frequent typhoons.
| Climate data for Tateyama | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 18.1 (64.6) |
18.5 (65.3) |
20.1 (68.2) |
22.8 (73) |
25.4 (77.7) |
28.2 (82.8) |
31.0 (87.8) |
30.8 (87.4) |
29.8 (85.6) |
27.1 (80.8) |
23.5 (74.3) |
20.0 (68) |
24.61 (76.29) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 15.9 (60.6) |
16.2 (61.2) |
17.7 (63.9) |
20.4 (68.7) |
22.9 (73.2) |
25.7 (78.3) |
28.2 (82.8) |
28.2 (82.8) |
27.2 (81) |
24.7 (76.5) |
21.3 (70.3) |
17.9 (64.2) |
22.19 (71.96) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 13.7 (56.7) |
14.1 (57.4) |
15.5 (59.9) |
18.2 (64.8) |
20.9 (69.6) |
23.7 (74.7) |
26.0 (78.8) |
26.1 (79) |
25.1 (77.2) |
22.8 (73) |
19.4 (66.9) |
15.8 (60.4) |
20.11 (68.2) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 125.5 (4.941) |
123.3 (4.854) |
151.2 (5.953) |
215.5 (8.484) |
236.0 (9.291) |
263.8 (10.386) |
190.8 (7.512) |
203.6 (8.016) |
152.3 (5.996) |
157.4 (6.197) |
148.7 (5.854) |
108.4 (4.268) |
2,076.5 (81.752) |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 66 | 69 | 72 | 77 | 81 | 86 | 82 | 80 | 78 | 71 | 67 | 64 | 74.4 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 84.8 | 82.2 | 103.6 | 135.9 | 154.5 | 179.3 | 274.8 | 246.2 | 213.5 | 172.8 | 113.4 | 100.6 | 1,861.6 |
| Source: NOAA (1961-1990) [4] | |||||||||||||
Fauna
Okinoerabujima is home to several rare species of reptiles and insects endemic to the island itself, or more generally to the Ryukyu archipelago.
History
It is uncertain when Okinoerabujima was first settled. It was ruled by the Aji nobility who built numerous gusuku fortifications from the 8th century onwards . From 1266 it was part of the Hokuzan Ryukyu Kingdom. The island was invaded by samurai from Satsuma Domain in 1609 and its incorporation into the official holdings of that domain was recognized by the Tokugawa shogunate in 1624. Satsuma rule was harsh, with the inhabitants of the island reduced to serfdom and forced to raise sugar cane to meet high taxation, which often resulted in famine. The island was subordinate to Tokunoshima from 1616 to 1690, when an independent daikansho was established. Throughout the Satsuma period, the island was used as prison settlement, especially for political offenders, including many members of the Ryukyu royal family. Saigo Takamori was exiled to Okinoerabujima from 1862-1864.
After the Meiji Restoration the island was incorporated into Ōsumi Province and later became part of Kagoshima Prefecture. Following World War II, along with the other Amami Islands, it was occupied by the United States until 1953, at which time it reverted to the control of Japan. In September 1977, a massive typhoon (Typhoon Babe (1977)) devastated the island, which experienced winds in excess of 210 km/h (130 mph) for two hours as the typhoon passed by.[5] Nearly two-thirds of the homes across the island were damaged or destroyed by the storm and 73 people were injured.[6] Most of the injuries across the island were caused by collapsing buildings.[7]
Economy
With moderate rainfall and a warm climate, the island is suitable for agriculture. Main crops include sweet potatoes, sugar cane and floriculture. Brown sugar refining and the production of distilled shochu liquor is the major industry. The island is not a major tourist destination, unlike many in the Amami archipelago.
Transportation
The port of Wadomari, located in the town the same name has regular ferry services to Okinawa and Kagoshima and Kobe. The smaller port of China, in the town of China, has ferries to Kagoshima and other of the Amami islands.
Okinoerabu Airport, in Wadomari, is located on the island.
See also
References
- ↑ Teikoku's Complete Atlas of Japan, Teikoku-Shoin Co., Ltd., Tokyo, ISBN 4-8071-0004-1
- ↑ Map of Okinoerabujima
- ↑ Guide to Amami Islands - Okinoerabujima
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- Eldridge, Mark. The Return of the Amami Islands: The Reversion Movement and U.S.-Japan Relations. Levington Books (2004) ISBN 0739107100
- Hellyer. Robert. Defining Engagement: Japan and Global Contexts, 1640-1868. Harvard University Press (2009) ISBN 0674035771
- Turnbull, Stephen. The Most Daring Raid of the Samurai. Rosen Publishing Group (2011) ISBN 978-1-4488-1872-3
- Ravina, Mark. The Last Samurai: The Life and Battles of Saigo Takamori. Whiley (2011) ISBN 1118045564
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Okinoerabujima. |
