Outline of classical studies

See also: Outline of ancient Greece, Outline of ancient Rome, and Outline of ancient Egypt

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to classical studies:

Classical studies (Classics for short) – earliest branch of the Humanities, which covers the languages, literature, history, art, and other cultural aspects of the ancient Mediterranean world. The field focuses primarily on, but is not limited to, Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome during classical antiquity, the era spanning from the late Bronze Age of Ancient Greece during the Minoan and Mycenaean periods (c. 1600-1100 BCE) through the period known as Late Antiquity to the fall of the Western Roman Empire, c. 500 CE. The word classics is also used to refer to the literature of the period.

Branches of classical studies

Main articles: Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome

• Culture of Ancient Greece –
• Culture of Ancient Rome –
• Culture of Ancient Mediterranean –

Subdisciplines of classical studies

• Classical archaeology –
  • Classical art – see Art in ancient Greece and Roman art
  • Classical architecture – see Architecture of Ancient Greece and Roman architecture
  • Numismatics –
• Classical history – see also Bronze Age and Classical Antiquity
  • Classical society – see Ancient Greek society and Roman society –
  • Classical religion – see Religion in ancient Greece, Greek mythology, Religion in Ancient Rome, and Roman mythology
• Classical philology –
  • Classical language – see Ancient Greek and Classical Latin
  • Classical literature –
    • Classical theatre – see Theatre of Ancient Greece and Theatre of Ancient Rome
  • Classical Textual criticism –
• Classical philosophy – see Greek philosophy. See also Ancient philosophy.
• Classical science and technology – see History of science in Classical Antiquity, Ancient Greek technology, and Roman technology
• Palaeography –

History of classical studies

History of the western classics (Not to be confused with classical history (see below))

• Literae Humaniores –

General classical studies concepts

• Ancient history –
• Classical antiquity –
• Literae Humaniores –

Classical archaeology

Main article: Classical archaeology

• Late Helladic period –

Seven Wonders of the Ancient World

Main article: Seven Wonders of the Ancient World

The Greek category was not "Wonders" but "theamata", which translates closer to "must-sees". The list that we know today was compiled in the Middle Ages—by which time many of the sites were no longer in existence:

1. Great Pyramid of Giza (the only wonder of the Ancient World still in existence)
2. Hanging Gardens of Babylon –
3. Statue of Zeus at Olympia –
4. Temple of Artemis at Ephesus –
5. Mausoleum of Maussollos at Halicarnassus –
6. Colossus of Rhodes –
7. Lighthouse of Alexandria –

Classical art

See also Ancient art

Art in Ancient Greece

Art in Ancient Greece

• Music in ancient Greece
  • Musical system of ancient Greece
• Sculpture in ancient Greece
• Theatre of ancient Greece

Roman art

Roman art

• Ancient Roman music –
• Roman sculpture –

Classical architecture

Classical architecture

Ancient Greek architecture

Architecture of Ancient Greece

• Parthenon –
• Temple of Artemis –
• Acropolis –
• Ancient Agora –
• Arch of Hadrian –
• Statue of Zeus –
• Colossus of Rhodes –
• Temple of Hephaestus –
• Samothrace temple complex –

Roman architecture

Roman architecture

• Aedes (Roman) –
• Roman aqueduct –
• Basilica –
• Roman Baths (Bath) –
• Roman bridge –
• Colosseum –
• Forum (Roman) –
• Ancient Roman monuments –
• Roman road –
• Roman temple –
• Roman theatre (structure) –
• Roman villa –

Geography of the classical period

Geography at the time of Ancient Greece

• Aegean Sea –
• Alexandria –
• Athens –
• Antioch –
• Corinth –
• Delphi –
• Hellespont –
• Macedon –
• Miletus –
• Olympia –
• Pergamon –
• Sparta –
• Thermopylae –
• Troy –

Geography at the time of Ancient Rome

• Area under Roman control –
• Borders of the Roman Empire –
• Roman Britain –
• Roman Campagna –
• Roman Gaul –
• Italia –
• Roman province –
• Roman Umbria –
• Via Flaminia –

Roman provinces 120 AD

• Achaea –
• Ægyptus –
• Africa –
• Alpes Cottiae –
• Alpes Maritimae –
• Alpes Poenninae –
• Arabia Petraea –
• Armenia Inferior –
• Asia –
• Assyria –
• Bithynia –
• Britannia –
• Cappadocia –
• Cilicia –
• Commagene –
• Corduene –
• Corsica et Sardinia –
• Creta et Cyrenaica –
• Cyprus –
• Dacia –
• Dalmatia –
• Epirus –
• Galatia –
• Gallia Aquitania –
• Gallia Belgica –
• Gallia Lugdunensis –
• Gallia Narbonensis –
• Germania Inferior –
• Germania Superior –
• Hispania Baetica –
• Hispania Lusitania –
• Hispania Tarraconensis –
• Italia –
• Iudaea –
• Iturea –
• Lycaonia –
• Lycia –
• Macedonia –
• Mauretania Caesariensis –
• Mauretania Tingitana –
• Moesia –
• Noricum –
• Numidia –
• Osroene –
• Pannonia –
• Pamphylia –
• Pisidia –
• Pontus –
• Raetia –
• Sicilia –
• Sophene –
• Syria –
• Taurica –
• Thracia –

Classical history

Classical history

• Timeline of classical antiquity
• Bronze Age –
• City-state –
• Classical Antiquity –
• Greco-Roman relations –
• Magic in the Greco-Roman world –

Classical Greek history

Main articles: Ancient Greece, Hellenistic Greece, Roman Greece, and Timeline of ancient Greece

• Greek Dark Ages –
• Hellenistic period –
• Military history of ancient Greece –

Ancient Greek society

Ancient Greek society

• Cuisine of Ancient Greece –
• Economy of Ancient Greece –
• Law in Ancient Greece –
• Pederasty in ancient Greece –
• Prostitution in Ancient Greece –
• Slavery in Ancient Greece –

Classical Roman history

Roman era

• Timeline of ancient Rome
• Ancient Rome –
• Crisis of the Roman Republic –
• Decline of the Roman Empire –
• Etruscan civilization –
• Founding of Rome –
• History of Rome –
• Roman conquest of Britain –
• End of Roman rule in Britain –
• Roman Empire –
• Roman Kingdom –
• Roman Republic –
• Western Roman Empire –

Military history of Ancient Rome

Military history of ancient Rome

• Political history of the Roman military –
• Structural history of the Roman military –
• Technological history of the Roman military –
• War: Campaign history of the Roman military –
  • Roman civil wars –
  • Wars involving the Roman Empire –
  • Wars involving the Roman Republic –

Roman society

Roman society

• Adoption in ancient Rome –
• Roman army –
• Roman assemblies –
• Auctoritas –
• Buddhism and the Roman world –
• Roman citizenship –
• Collegiality –
• Roman commerce –
• Roman consul –
  • Republican consuls –
  • Early imperial consuls –
  • Late imperial consuls –
• Roman currency –
• Cursus honorum –
• Roman Emperor –
  • List of Roman Emperors –
• Roman festivals –
• Roman funerals and burial –
• Roman finance –
• Roman gardens –
• Homosexuality in ancient Rome –
• Imperium –
• Roman law –
  • Roman laws –
  • Status in Roman legal system –
• Local government (ancient Roman) –
• Roman Magistrates –
• Ancient Roman marriage –
• Roman naming conventions –
• Roman navy –
• Political institutions of Rome –
• Roman province –
• Roman relations with the Parthians and Sassanians –
• Roman school –
• Roman Senate –
• Roman tribe –
• Sino-Roman relations –
• Slavery in ancient Rome –
• Social class in ancient Rome –
• Roman usurper –

Classical Egyptian history

• Third Intermediate Period of Egypt (21st to 25th Dynasties; 11th to 7th centuries BC)
• Late Period of ancient Egypt (26th to 31st Dynasties; 7th century BC to 332 BC)
  • History of Persian Egypt (525 BC to 332 BC) - see also Achaemenid Empire
• Greco-Roman Egypt (332 BC to 642 AD)
  • Hellenistic Egypt (332 BC to 30 BC)
    • Macedonian Kings (332 BC to 305 BC)
    • Ptolemaic Kingdom (305 BC to 30 BC)
  • Egypt (Roman province) (30 BC to 642 AD)

See also the List of ancient Egyptian dynasties

Classical philology

Philology –

Classical language

Classical language –

Ancient Greek

Ancient Greek –

• Aeolic dialect –
• Attic dialect –
• Doric dialect –
• Greek alphabet –
• Homeric Greek –
• Ionic dialect –
• Koine –

Classical Latin

Main article: Classical Latin

• Latin alphabet –
• Roman cursive –

Classical literature

Main article: Classical literature

Classical Greek literature

Ancient Greek literature –

Poets

• Bucolic poets
  • Theocritus –
• Didactic poets
  • Hesiod –
• Epic poets
  • Homer –
• Lyric poets
  • Alcaeus –
  • Alcman –
  • Archilochus –
  • Bacchylides –
  • Mimnermus –
  • Pindar –
  • Sappho –
  • Semonides –
  • Simonides of Ceos –
  • Tyrtaeus –

Playwrights

• Tragedians
  • Aeschylus –
  • Euripides –
  • Sophocles –
• Comedic playwrights
  • Aristophanes –
  • Menander –

Prose writers

• Fiction: Xenophon –
• Historiography: Herodotus, Plutarch, Polybius, Thucydides, Xenophon –
• Oratory: Aeschines, Demosthenes, Isocrates, Lysias –
• Other: Lucian, Plato –

Classical Latin literature

Latin literature –

Poets

• Didactic poets
  • Lucretius –
  • Ovid –
  • Virgil –
• Elegiac poets
  • Catullus –
  • Ovid –
  • Propertius –
  • Tibullus –
• Epic poets
  • Ennius –
  • Lucan –
  • Ovid –
  • Virgil –
• Lyric poets
  • Catullus –
  • Horace –

Playwrights

• Plautus –
• Terence –

Prose writers

• Epistolary writers
  • Pliny the younger –
  • Seneca –
• Fiction writers
  • Apuleius –
  • Petronius –
• Historiographers
  • Caesar –
  • Cornelius Nepos –
  • Livy –
  • Sallust –
  • Suetonius –
  • Tacitus –

Orators:

• • Cicero –

Classical Textual Criticism

Textual criticism

• Greek textual criticism
• Latin textual criticism

Classical philosophy

Main articles: Classical philosophy and Greek philosophy. See also History of Western philosophy.

Periods of classical philosophy

• Pre-Socratic philosophy –
• Classical Greek philosophy –
• Hellenistic philosophy –

Schools of thought

• Aristotelianism –
• Cynicism –
• Cyrenaic hedonism –
• Eclecticism –
• Epicureanism –
• Neo-Platonism –
• Neo-Pythagoreanism –
• Platonism –
• Pre-Socratic naturalism –
• Pyrrhonism –
• Pythagoreanism –
• Sophism –
• Stoicism –

Classical philosophers

• Aenesidemus –
• Agrippa –
• Alexander of Aphrodisias –
• Ammonius Saccas –
• Anaxagoras –
• Anaximander –
• Anaximenes –
• Antisthenes –
• Antiochus of Ascalon –
• Arcesilaus –
• Aristippus –
• Aristotle –
• Carneades –
• Chrysippus –
• Cleanthes –
• Clitomachus –
• Crates of Thebes –
• Cratylus –
• Democritus –
• Diogenes of Apollonia –
• Diogenes of Sinope –
• Empedocles –
• Epictetus –
• Epicurus –
• Euclid of Megara –
• Heraclitus –
• Hippias –
• Iamblichus –
• Leucippus –
• Melissus –
• Panaetius –
• Parmenides –
• Philo of Larissa –
• Philolaus –
• Plato –
• Plotinus –
• Posidonius –
• Porphyry –
• Prodicus –
• Protagoras –
• Pyrrho –
• Pythagoras –
• Seneca –
• Sextus Empiricus –
• Socrates –
• Speusippus –
• Stilpo –
• Thales –
• Theophrastus –
• Timon –
• Xenophanes –
• Xenocrates –
• Zeno of Citium –
• Zeno of Elea –

Classical religion and mythology

• Interpretatio graeca
• Classical mythology
• Mystery religions
• Hellenistic religion

Religion and mythology in Ancient Greece

Main articles: Religion in Ancient Greece and Greek mythology

• Achilles –
• Apollo –
• Centaurs
• Dionysus –
• Dragons in Greek mythology –
• Earth-gods –
• Eleusinian Mysteries –
• Golden Fleece –
• Gorgon / Medusa –
• Hellenic polytheism –
• Heracles –
  • The Twelve Labours of Heracles –
• Jason –
• Minotaur –
• Nymphs
• Odysseus –
• Odyssey –
• Oedipus –
• Pan –
• Perseus –
• Olympians –
• Primordial gods –
• Satyrs
• Sea-gods –
• Seven Against Thebes –
• Theseus –
• Titans –
• Triptolemus –
• Trojan War –
• Zeus –

Religion and mythology in Ancient Rome

Main articles: Religion in Ancient Rome and Roman mythology

• Pontifex Maximus –
• Roman Pontiff –

Classical science and technology

Main article: History of science in Classical Antiquity

Ancient Greek science and technology

Main article: Ancient Greek technology

• Agriculture of Ancient Greece –
• Archimedes –
• Greek astronomy –
• Geographical technology –
  • Ptolemy –
• Greek mathematics –
  • Euclid –
• Medicine in ancient Greece –
  • Hippocrates –
  • Galen –
• Pottery of Ancient Greece –

Roman science and technology

Roman technology

• Roman abacus –
• Roman agriculture –
• Roman calendar –
• Cement / concrete –
• Corvus (ship's weapon) –
• Ancient Roman cranes –
• Roman engineering –
• Glassblowing –
• Medical community of ancient Rome –
• Military of ancient Rome –
• Roman numerals –
• Plumbing –
• Roman road –
• Ancient Roman units of measurement –
• Sanitation in ancient Rome –

Classical theatre

• Amphitheatre –

Ancient Greek theatre

Theatre of Ancient Greece

Ancient Roman theatre

Theatre of Ancient Rome

• Circus Maximus –
• Roman amphitheatres –

Classical studies scholars

See List of classical scholars –

Classics-related lists

Main list List of topics related to ancient Rome

• List of classical architecture terms
• List of classical meters

Ancient Greek lists

• List of ancient Greek cities
• List of ancient Greeks
• List of ancient Greek tyrants
• List of Greek mythological creatures
• List of Greek mythological figures
• List of ancient Macedonians

Roman lists

• List of Latin abbreviations
• List of aqueducts in the Roman Empire
  • List of Roman aqueducts by date
• List of Roman amphitheatres
• List of Roman cognomina
• Lists of Roman consuls
  • List of Republican Roman Consuls
  • List of early imperial Roman consuls
  • List of late imperial Roman consuls
• List of Roman deities / List of Roman gods
  • List of Roman Goddesses
• List of Roman Emperors
  • Concise List of Roman Emperors
  • List of Roman emperors to be condemned
• List of films based on Greco-Roman mythology
• List of Roman gladiator types
• List of Roman laws
• List of Roman legions
• List of Roman nomina
• Lists of Roman places
  • List of Roman place names in Britain
  • List of Roman places in Hispania
• List of Romans
• List of Roman sites
• List of Roman triumphal arches in Italy outside Rome
• List of Roman usurpers
• List of Imperial Roman victory titles
• List of Roman villas in England