Pío Valenzuela

For the city, see Valenzuela City.

Pío Valenzuela
Governor of Bulacan
In office 1921–1925
Preceded by	Juan Carlos
Succeeded by	Restituto Castro
Provincial Executive of Bulacan
In office 1902–1919
President of Military Division of Polo Municipality
In office 1902–1919
Municipal President of Polo
In office 1899–1901
Preceded by	Rufino Valenzuela Cabeza de barangay (Spanish period)
Succeeded by	Nemencio Santiago
Physician General of the Katipunan Supreme Council
In office 1895–1898
Personal details
Born	Pío Valenzuela y Alejandrino (1869-07-11)July 11, 1869 Polo, Bulacan Captaincy General of the Philippines
Died	Polo (now Valenzuela City), Bulacan, Philippines
Spouse(s)	Marciana Castro
Children	Mercedes Valenzuela-Los Baños Amadeo Castro Valenzuela Diego Castro Valenzuela Rosa Valenzuela-Tecson Abelardo Castro Valenzuela Arturo Castro Valenzuela Alicia Valenzuela-Lozada
Profession	Doctor of Medicine
Religion	Roman Catholic

Pío Valenzuela y Alejandrino (July 11, 1869 – April 6, 1956) was a Filipino physician and patriot who was among the leaders of the Katipunan that started the Philippine Revolution against Spain. Valenzuela City in northern Metro Manila was named after him.

He wrote his memoirs of the Philippine Revolution in the 1920s, but historians have since been wary of his autobiography because of some inconsistencies in his version of events, particularly about his meeting with José Rizal in Dapitan in 1896.

Valenzuela was the first mayor (American regime) of municipality of Polo (now Valenzuela City) from 1899-1900 before he became the Governor of Bulacan province from 1921-1925.

Early years

Valenzuela was born in Polo, Bulacan (Now Barangay Polo, Valenzuela City) to Francisco Valenzuela and Lorenza Alejandrino, who both came from wealthy families.

After he was tutored at home, he was brought to Manila to study at Colegio de San Juan de Letran. In 1888, he enrolled at University of Santo Tomas and finished his Licenciado en Medicina in 1895. He practiced his profession in Manila and Bulacan.

In July 1892, when he was a medical student and the Katipunan was barely a week old, he joined this secret organization. He became a close friend of its founder, Andrés Bonifacio, and was godfather to the first child of Bonifacio and Gregoria de Jesús. After their house burned down, Bonifacio and his family lived with Valenzuela.

The revolutionary life

He was elected fiscal of the secret society in December 1895. He was inducted together with the other elected officials at Bonifacio's home on New Year's Day in 1896. He used the nom de guerre "Dimas Ayaran" (untouchable) in the movement.

Shortly after his induction, Valenzuela moved to San Nicolas district in Manila so he could supervise the publication of the secret society's official organ, where he also wrote articles using the nom de plume "Madlang-Away" (Public Conflict). Valenzuela claimed in his memoirs that he was supposed to be the editor of the publication but Emilio Jacinto would eventually be the one to supervise its printing.

Valenzuela said he was the one who suggested the name Kalayaan (Freedom) for the publication. To mislead the Spanish authorities, he also suggested that they place the name of Marcelo H. del Pilar as editor and Yokohama, Japan as the place of publication.

Kalayaan's first number, dated January 18, 1896, came out in March 1896 and consisted of a thousand copies which was distributed to Katipunan members all over the country. However, the publication only came out with one more issue because the Katipunan had already been uncovered by the Spanish authorities. He considered the publication of Kalayaan as the most important accomplishment of the secret chamber of the Katipunan, which he claimed consisted of himself, Bonifacio and Jacinto.

In a meeting of the secret chamber in July 1896, they decided to assassinate the Spanish Augustinian friar who uncovered the Katipunan to the authorities, but they failed to accomplish the mission. Valenzuela also claimed that after the discovery of the Katipunan, he and Bonifacio distributed letters implicating wealthy Filipinos, who refused to extend financial assistance to the Katipunan.

He was a member of the committee that was tasked to smuggle arms for the Katipunan from Japan. He was also with Bonifacio, Jacinto and Procopio Bonifacio when they organized the Katipunan council in Cavite.

At the secret general meeting called by Bonifacio on the night of May 1, 1896 at Barrio Ugong in Pasig, Valenzuela presented to the body a proposal to solicit contributions to buy arms and munitions from Japan. The proposal was approved on condition that it first be approved by José Rizal, who was in exile in Dapitan in Mindanao.

Valenzuela was tasked to discuss the matter with Rizal and he left for Dapitan on June 15, 1896. However, Rizal told him that the revolution should not be started until sufficient arms had been secured and the support of the wealthy Filipinos had been won over.

When the Katipunan was discovered, he fled to Balintawak on August 20, 1896, but he later availed of an amnesty that the Spanish colonial government offered and he surrendered on September 1, 1896.

He was deported to Spain where he was tried and imprisoned in Madrid. He was later transferred to Málaga, Barcelona and then to a Spanish outpost in Africa. He was incarcerated for about two years.

Under the Americans

He returned to the Philippines in April 1899. In Manila, he was denounced to the American Military authorities as a radical propagandist and once more imprisoned up September of the same year.

To suppress aggressive leadership upon his release, he was made municipal president of Polo. From 1902 to 1919, he served as president of the military division of his district. From 1919 to 1925, he served the people of Bulacan for two terms as provincial executive. As governor, he was uncompromising against graft and corruption in the government.

After he retired from politics, he wrote his memoirs on the revolutionary days. He also practiced his medical profession, but only for philanthropic purposes. He was married to Marciana Castro by whom he had seven children. Early in the morning of April 6, 1956, he died in his hometown.

In popular culture

• Portrayed by Nonie Buencamino in the 1997 film, Rizal sa Dapitan.
• Portrayed by Sonny Alcantara in the 2012 film, El Presidente.
• Portrayed by Yuwin Cruz in the 2013 TV series, Katipunan.

Images

• 

  Ancestral house, Pariancillo Villa, Valenzuela City

• 

  Bust in the Museo

• 

  Legacy in Museo Valenzuela

• 

  Pío Valenzuela

References

• National Historical Institute, Filipinos in History 5 vols. (Manila: National Historical Institute, 1995)

External links

• Heroes day Museo Valenzuela

Political offices
New creation	Mayor of Polo 1899–1901	Succeeded by Nemencio D. Santiago
Preceded by Juan Carlos	Governor of Bulacan 1921–1925	Succeeded by Restituto J. Castro