PS 9 Sarah Anderson School

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This article is about the K–5 primary school in Manhattan, New York City. For the K-8 citywide school in Manhattan, see The Anderson School. For PS 9 in Brooklyn, see the Bergen Elementary School. For the former location of the Manhattan PS 9, see Public School 9 (historic building). For a disambiguation of Anderson Schools, see Anderson School.
File:PS334Windows.jpg
Blue glazed brick on the southside of the building (2007)

Public School 9, The Sarah Anderson School is a public elementary K–5 neighborhood catchment school that offers two programs: Renaissance and Gifted. Founded in 1830, P.S. 9 is located on the Upper West Side in Manhattan, New York City.

School name

The Sarah Anderson School (PS 9) is named after Sarah Anderson (b. 7-31-1922 Birmingham, AL - d. 2-2-1981 Griffin, GA), a beloved school paraprofessional and parent for whom the Board of Education renamed PS 9 at a May 1981 memorial dedication.[1] Never married, she was the mother of three: Clarence "Pete" Anderson (1938 and living in East New York, Brooklyn), Ronald ("Ronnie") Dean Anderson (b. 1939 Griffin GA – 2001 Griffin), and Thomas Anderson. Sarah Anderson is buried at Mount Pleasant Baptist Church Cemetery, Griffin, GA. Her nickname, for those close to her, was "Peggy." Her daughter-in-law (Clarence's wife), Earnestine Anderson, also worked with Sarah as a paraprofessional at PS 9. Earnestine resides in Griffin.

In 1993, under Principal Joan Gutkin, PhD (1936–1997), PS 9 received magnet school funding for music and art and henceforth adopted the name, "Renaissance School of Music and Art." Upon the departure of Dr. Gutkin, and with the ebb and flow of funding for the arts, PS 9 uses both names, interchangeably.

History

Original location

The school that became P.S. 9 was originally organized by the vestry of Saint Michael's Church (Episcopal) in the early 19th century. The vestry continued to operate the school in the Bloomingdale area until a law was enacted November 19, 1824 which barred church schools from receiving public school funding. On May 22, 1826, the Public School Society of New York[2] acquired it; and, in July 1827, the Society paid $250 for a 100x100 foot tract at 82nd Street between 10th (Amsterdam) and 11th (West End) Avenues. On July 19, 1830, the Society completed the construction of a one-story clapboard school at 466 West End Avenue for $1,500, accommodating about 50 children. The Society transferred jurisdiction of the school to the Board of Education in July 1853.[3]

In 1889, the New York Times published a letter to Mayor Hugh J. Grant citing the grim condition of the P.S. 9 building:

There was no visible plaster in the entire building. The wooden staircases and wood-lined stairways were only 29 inches wide. Large stoves and stovepipes beneath the stairs and elsewhere, used for warming the building, were dangerously close to the woodwork. The so-called passages were 30 inches wide. The building was devoid of any means of escape from the rear and devoid of a fire escape. Means of egress from the front was insufficient.[4]

The school's old building at 466 West End Avenue, constructed in 1894-96

The next year (1890), the Board of Education demolished the building. From 1894-96,[5] the Board erected a modern school building on the same site equipped with electricity and ventilation, and designed by C. B. J. Snyder. Designed to blend with the neighborhood, the ecclesiastical English gothic structure was a style prevalent in schools built by Trinity Church.

On January 26, 1916, during a graduation ceremony, P.S. 9 was named after the late John Jasper.[6] Jasper was an educator who had served at P.S. 9 as a teacher in 1857 and as its principal from 1867 to 1897. He went on to become Assistant Superintendent of Schools then, in 1898, Borough Associate Superintendent of Schools for Manhattan and the Bronx.

In 1961, David H. Moskowitz, the Deputy Superintendent for Research and Evaluation for New York City Schools, reported a high transient rate at several elementary schools, including P.S. 9, which ranged from 90 to 99% during the 1959–1960 school year.[7]

The former P.S. 9 building is now the home of the Mickey Mantle School P.S. 811M,[8] serving children with disabilities.

Current building

The School Board and Superintendent John Jacob Theobald approved the West 84th Street site for P.S. 9 on July 18, 1962, at a School Board meeting held at Headquarters, 110 Livingston Street, Brooklyn.[9] The new building was part of plan to spend one billion dollars on New York City school construction over a ten-year period that began in the late 1950s.[10]

Simultaneously building the campuses of P.S. 9 and Brandeis High School (across the street, between 84th and 85th Streets) served a secondary purpose. It was part of a larger concerted pilot project by Mayor Robert Ferdinand Wagner’s "All-Out War on the Forces of Crime." West 84th Street, between Amsterdam and Columbus, had been dubbed "The Worst Block in New York." The City relocated 800 of 1000 families from that block so that 20 condemned buildings could be demolished. Those buildings represented the recent filing of more than 2,300 recent building violations totaling $4,100 in fines to 18 landlords by the Housing Court.[11]

For a cost of $2.4 million, Rand Construction Company erected the current three-story building at 100 West 84th Street at Columbus. Under Arthur G. Paletta, Director of Architecture, the BOE Bureau of Design drafted the architectural blueprints. The facility opened on March 12, 1965 to 800 children in grades pre-K to 5. Retaining the name, the BOE dedicated the new building as the "John Jasper School P.S. 9".

Sometimes referred to as "P.S. 174" during the planning and construction phase, the building had been slated to open September 1964. But while preparing the foundation, the BOE engineers and general contractor discovered an underground stream. They had overlooked two critical historic maps, the Egbert Ludovicus Viélé map of 1865[12][13] and the Townsend MacCoun map of 1909,[14] both showing an underground stream that starts at the school site – the block bounded by 83rd & 84th Streets and 9th & 10th Avenues – joining other streams, flowing southeast under Central Park and emptying into the East River between 74th and 75th Streets.[15] Failure to check the Viélé and MacCoun maps is considered a cardinal sin for construction engineers. According to Eugene Edward Hult, Superintendent of Design, Construction and Physical Plant for the BOE, the underground stream was "more like a pond," about two feet wide; there was earth but no rock, which required the redesign for a new foundation. Construction was held-up from March 15 to August 6, 1963. Along with a change-order, the mistake cost the BOE an additional $100,000. The underground stream flows in an opposite direction to the surface watershed, which flows to the Hudson.

File:PS334WindowlessWall.jpg
Three-story windowless wall facing Columbus Avenue (2007)

In the 1950s, many architects used the older red brick for apartment buildings — although its use in public housing projects gave it an unwelcome tinge for the luxury market. Nonetheless, all-white brick buildings became standard for supposed elegance, but there was also a chromatic undercurrent. The architects of public schools in the mid-1950s began incorporating color into their buildings, like the yellow-glazed brick on PS 41.[16][17] The use of blue bricks at P.S. 34,[18] erected in 1956 at 12th Street and Avenue D, outraged City Controller Lawrence Ettore Gerosa, who, in well-publicized hearings in 1958, accused the BOE of wasteful extravagance.[19]

Transforming the block, without any effort to blend in, white bricks on the new P.S. 9 face east to Columbus Avenue and west to the schoolyard. Facing the north and south to the streets the blue glazed bricks frame the classroom windows — inviting, perhaps subliminal of the Santa Fe blue-framed windows that keep evil spirits from entering, the white bricks suggestive of stucco. The building is strongly modernist — functional, "ornamentation is a crime."[20]

The three-story wall facing Columbus is windowless. Windowless walls facing major avenues is rare in New York City architecture. It's as if the architects wanted "no blending" and "no seeing" of a major avenue. Because trucks are banned[21] on four nearby major traffic arteries — West Side Highway, West End Avenue, Central Park West, and Central Park's inner drive — Amsterdam, Columbus, and Broadway carry heavy truck traffic. And, West 83rd Street (contiguous to the Kindergarten playground) is a major west-bound transverse for non truck traffic continuing from the 81st street crossing Central Park. West 83rd Street, on the same block, also is home to the Planetarium Station Post Office, the New York City Fire Department, several parking garages, and car rental companies.

The unsightly blue cages on the first floor windows are a post-design add-on legacy of an anti-vandal initiative instituted in 1959 by Michael Luke Radoslovich, director of architecture for the school system.[22] To make it look even worse, someone painted columns of white bricks light blue, between the windows on the north wall, in an apparent ill-fated attempt to match the glazed blue brick. On the west wall facing the schoolyard, and on the east wall facing Columbus Avenue, someone painted the white bricks beige on the lower portions, seemingly as a poor remedy for a splash-guard. And interspersed around the building someone painted the glazed blue bricks beige on the first level.

Two then contemporary events in history influenced one aspect of the building's architecture. In 1957 the Soviets launched the Sputnik satellite. 1962 was the year of the Cuban missile crisis. Hence the building has an antiquated fallout shelter.

Permanent art installation

Man in Space, glass mosiac, Vincent Cavallaro, 1965 (2007 photo)

The auditorium foyer (also known as, "the Well") features an 8 x 21 foot glass mosaic, Man In Space, (completed 1965) by Vincent Cavallaro, commissioned in 1963 for the building by Public Art for Public Schools.[23] At the time of the commission, NASA had completed seven one-man space missions under the Mercury Program. The mosaic commemorates not only what was then the frontier of space exploration, but also the importance of science education for children. Cavallaro, a painter, sculptor and abstract artist, created many works related to space exploration; one in particular was a bronze sculpture by the same title, Man In Space, (1967), located at Junior High School 88, Brooklyn.

Changing neighborhood

On March 30, 1972, in an effort to extend Mayor Wagner's fight against crime in the neighborhood, Mayor John V. Lindsay moved the New York City Police Department 20th Precinct from West 68th Street to 120 West 82nd Street (one block from the school) into a newly built $2.8 million three-story building.[24]

Principals

  • Ms. Bernadette Castronuovo O'Brien (August 1984 – August 1989)
    • In 1971, Ms. O'Brien had founded, developed, and directed Learning to Read through the Arts, (LTRTA), a widely used and highly effective program. In 1984, at the urging of District 3 Superintendent Albertha Toppins, O'Brien sought the position of principal at PS 9, with a mandate to use her LTRTA expertise to turn around PS 9, a failing school with less than 200 students and a candidate for closure. From 1984 to 1986, there was a great infusion of the arts and humanities in the school with reading and language arts at its core in an experiential, interdisciplinary, integrated, thematic, multicultural curriculum that included the visual arts, performing arts (drama, dance), and foreign languages.
    • She implemented pedagogy that cultivated extended thinking that provided opportunities for open ended questions and answers. For instance, there could be several approaches to finding an answer to a question, several answers to a question, more creative ways to solve problems and reaching for the unknown—all of which challenged students and teachers to go beyond standard replies.
    • In the 1980s, residents of District 3 could enroll their children in any school within the district. Parents, at the time, did not prefer PS 9. There was a budget crisis in the city. Monies were allocated to the schools based on enrollment. So, when a group of parents proposed adding a program for a gifted program, O'Brien embraced the idea, thinking that, in many ways, it would benefit all the students in the building; namely, it would advance the learning environment and warrant more funding from the BOE.
  • Dr. Joan Gutkin (1989–1997)
  • Diane Brady (1997 – present)

References

Notes

  1. ↑ In May 1981, Abraham Goldman was the Principal and Richard Vasquez was the President of the P.S. 9 Parents Association.
  2. ↑ In New York City, the Free School Society was chartered in 1805 and changed its name in 1826 to the Public School Society of New York. It was a private corporation that (i) managed schools for immigrants and the poor and (ii) distributed city funding to those schools. It remained private until it was, in effect, disestablished in 1842 and supplanted by an elected Board of Education.
  3. ↑ Bourne, William Oland, A.M., History of the Public School Society of the City of New York, George P. Putnam's Sons, 1873
  4. ↑ "Much Needed Changes Ordered in Public Schoolhouse No. 9" The New York Times (March 8, 1889)
  5. ↑ Klose, Olivia, et al. "Grammar School No. 9 Designation Report" New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission (July 14, 2009)
  6. ↑ "Education Notes," The New York Times (January 26, 1916)
  7. ↑ "Pupils' Turnover Found Here" The New York Times (May 25, 1961)
  8. ↑ The Mickey Mantle School PS 811
  9. ↑ "City Schools Get $90,000 Ford Aid", The New York Times (July 19, 1962)
  10. ↑ "A Billion for Schools", The New York Times (August 30, 1956)
  11. ↑ "Worst is Over on West 84th Street", The New York Times, (January 10, 1962)
  12. ↑ zoomable map with flash
  13. ↑ Viélé, Egbert Ludovicus, Sanitary and Topographical Map of the City and Island of New York Showing Original Water Courses and Made Land, Ferdinand Mayer & Co. (New York lithographic firm) (c. 1865); the Viélé map is a revision of a 1609 map of Manhattan's topography when it was relatively unaltered by man.
  14. ↑ MacCoun, Townsend, The Island of Manhattan at the Time of its Discovery, Half moon edition, L.L. Poates Engraving Company, NY (c. 1909); the MacCoun map, among other things, supereimposes streets over the Viélé map. L.L. Poates Publishing Co. & L.L. Poates Engraving Co. merged to form Poates Corp. (Manhattan) January 27, 1925.
  15. ↑ "Hidden Stream at School Site Causes $100,000 Delay in Work", The New York Times (October 14, 1963)
  16. ↑ PS 41
  17. ↑ "Streetscapes/27 East 65th Street; A 1960's Statement in Blue Is Turning Red", The New York Times (January 5, 2003)
  18. ↑ PS 34
  19. ↑ "Education Board Cites 'Economies' in Reply on Costs", The New York Times (November 28, 1958)
  20. ↑ The catch-phrase, "ornamentation is a crime" attributable to a 1908 essay — "Ornament und Verbrechen" — by Adolf Loos, an influential Austrian architect.
  21. ↑ trucks are banned
  22. ↑ "Window Size Cut for New Schools", The New York Times (November 19, 1959)
  23. ↑ Public Art for Public Schools
  24. ↑ "$2.8-Million 20th Precinct Station Opens", The New York Times (May 18, 1972)

External links

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