Papal conclave, 1303
| Papal conclave 1303 |
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|---|---|
Coat of arms during the vacancy of the Holy See
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| Dates and location | |
| 21-22 October 1303 Vatican Palace, Rome |
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| Key officials | |
| Dean | Giovanni Boccamazza |
| Camerlengo | Teodorico Ranieri |
| Protodeacon | Matteo Rosso Orsini |
| Election | |
| Ballots | 1 |
| Elected Pope | |
| Nicola Boccasini (Name taken: Benedict XI) |
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The papal conclave, 1303 elected Pope Benedict XI to succeed Pope Boniface VIII.
Proceedings
Pope Boniface VIII was buried at S. Peter's Basilica on 12 October, 1303, in a tomb which he had prepared for himself.[1] The manhandling of Boniface VIII by the forces of France and the Colonna family before his death gave the cardinals second thoughts about electing anyone hostile to the interests of Philip IV of France.[2]
The Conclave took place at the Vatican Palace next to S. Peter's,[3] where Pope Boniface VIII had died on 11 October, 1303. The Conclave began with the Mass of the Holy Spirit on 21 October, and voting began the next morning. A Dominican, and the Order's former Master General (1296-1298),[4] Niccolò Boccasini was unanimously elected Pope Benedict XI on the first scrutiny.[5] Niccolò Boccasini and Pedro Rodriguez were the only cardinals, of the seventeen or eighteen, who had stayed with Boniface VIII at Anagni when the papal residence was invaded by the French and the Colonna, and the Pope seized and imprisoned. Benedict's choice of numbering indicates that Antipope Benedict X was considered a legitimate pope at that time.[5] Benedict XI was crowned at the Vatican Basilica on Sunday, 27 October, 1303 by Cardinal Matteo Rosso Orsini, the prior Diaconorum.
Niccolò Boccasini (of Treviso) was Italian but not Roman, and thus considered neutral[why?][by whom?] in the disputes between the Roman clans, and the international struggle between Charles II and Philip IV.[5] Benedict XI refused to excommunicate Philip IV or the Colonna, but also refused to restore to the Colonna their properties that had been seized by Boniface VIII.[5]
Notes
- ↑ Augustus Potthast, Regesta pontificum Romanorum II (Berlin 1875), p. 2023.
- ↑ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 47.
- ↑ according to Benedict XI's electoral manifesto, Augustinus Theiner (Editor), Caesaris S. R. E. Cardinalis Baronii, Od. Raynaldi et Jac. Laderchii Annales Ecclesiastici Tomus Vigesimus Tertius, 1286–1312 (Barri-Ducis: Ludovicus Guerin 1871), under the year 1303, § xlvii, p. 334.
- ↑ Daniel Mortier, Histoire des Maîtres généraux de l'Ordre des Frères Prêcheurs II (Paris 1905), pp. 319-353.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Baumgartner, 2003, p. 48.
References
- Fietta, Lorenzo. 1874. Niccolò Boccasini e il suo tempo (Padova 1874).
- Souchon, Martin. 1888. Die Papstwahlen von Bonifaz VIII bis Urban VI (Braunschweig: Benno Goeritz 1888), pp. 15-23.
- Gregorovius, Ferdinand. 1906. History of Rome in the Middle Ages, Volume V. 2, second edition, revised (London: George Bell, 1906), Book X, chapter 5, pp. 515-525.
- Baumgartner, Frederic J. 2003. Behind Locked Doors: A History of the Papal Elections. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 0-312-29463-8.
- Sibilio, Vito. 2004. Benedetto XI: Il papa tra Roma e Avignone (2004).
- Sartor, Ivano. 2005. Papa Benedetto XI (Nicolo Boccasino) beato di Treviso (Editrice S. Liberale: 2005).
- Conclave of 1303 (Prof. J. P. Adams)
