Parkwood Estate

Parkwood
Parkwood Estate in 2007
Location	Oshawa, Ontario, Canada
Original use	House and residential estate
Current use	Museum
Website	www.parkwoodestate.com
National Historic Site of Canada
Designated	1989

The Parkwood Estate, located in Oshawa, Ontario Canada was the home of Samuel McLaughlin (founder of General Motors of Canada) and was home to the McLaughlins from 1917 until 1972. Construction began in 1916 by the Toronto architectural firm of Pearson and Darling. In 1989, the 'Parkwood Estate' was officially designated a National Historic Site of Canada and tours are now given year-round.

House

Parkwood's architectural, landscape and interior designs are based on those of the 1920s and 1930s. Canada’s Historic Site and Monuments Board describes it as “a rare surviving example of the type of estate developed in Canada during the inter-war years, and is rarer still by its essentially intact condition, furnished and run to illustrate as it was lived within.”

Parkwood was the family home of the McLaughlins from 1917 until 1972. In 1989, Parks Canada designated it a National Historic Site and opened it to the public, as well as naming R.S. McLaughlin a person of significance to Canadian heritage.

Interior

The interiors at Parkwood represent early 20th century design and contain housewares, books, photographs and memorabilia, artwork, and trophies, all displayed in their original settings. Murals include works by Canadian artists Frederick Challener and Frederick Haines. Decorations include carved wood and plaster architectural finishes as well as novelties such as hidden panels and stairways.

The 55 room mansion has 15,000 square feet (1,400 m²) of space, including the basement and third-floor servants' rooms.

Gardens

The McLaughlin family had an avid interest in horticulture and landscaping, as evidenced by their eleven greenhouses and staff of 24 gardeners. McLaughlin sought out the best talent available to create the numerous gardens of his estate - Harries and Hall in the 1910s, the husband and wife team Howard and Lorrie Dunington-Grubb in the 1920s, and award winning architect John Lyle in the 1930s.

The Parkwood gardens have references to the great gardens of England and Europe, but with a 20th-century spirit. Much of the landscape design draws inspiration from the English Arts & Crafts gardening movement. This style called for a high degree of formality near the house, dissolving into less formal presentation with distance from the house, including a broad expanse of immaculate lawn.

The perimeters included denser woodland borders and the use of cedar hedges to sub-divide the landscape into formal garden spaces, recreation areas, and farming space for the production of cut flowers, fruits, and vegetables. The hedges served to prevent the viewing of the entire landscape all at once and were complemented by garden gates beckoning visitors to proceed through a sequence of garden views and experiences.

Shortly after the family took residence in 1917, landscape designers Harries & Hall were engaged to design a fitting setting for the mansion. This was achieved by linking each principal room of the house to a terrace or garden area just outside and finally out into the beautiful wooded park. The site was further refined during the early 1920s by H.B. and L.A. Dunington-Grubb. The husband and wife design team created spectacular outdoor “garden rooms” including the Italian Garden, Sundial Garden, Summer House and the Sunken Garden. They also refined the South Terrace and designed the intricate lattice fencing for the tennis court and Italian Garden. The Dunington-Grubbs were influential in the development of their profession, were the founding members of the Society of Landscape Architects as well as Sheridan Nurseries. Sheridan Nurseries is still thriving today and remain generous supporters of the Parkwood Foundation.

The last of the major additions to the gardens occurred between 1935–1936, with the commission of architect John Lyle to create the Formal Garden. Lyle was awarded the Bronze Medal from the Royal Architectural Institute of Canada for its design. The two-acre garden is a masterful expression of the art moderne style.

Then and now, the gardens are linked by theme and function to the Parkwood greenhouse complex. Three greenhouses are still used for the production of period and specialty plant materials. The greenhouses display palms, orchids, and tropical plants and are home to the Japanese Garden and the Greenhouse Tea Room. Today, the gardens of Parkwood have been restored to represent how they appeared in the 1930s.

Filming

• List of Films at Parkwood

Parkwood’s beauty and history provide a backdrop for film work and professional photography. The estate appears regularly as the backdrop in fashion photography and magazine ads and is one of Ontario’s most popular locations for location filming.

Actors who have filmed at Parkwood include Adrian Brody, Brendan Fraser, Drew Barrymore, Tom Cruise, Brad Pitt, Kathleen Turner, Adam Sandler, Hugh Laurie, Ben Affleck, Lucy Liu, Tony Shaloub, Alan Alda, Maureen Stapleton, Peter Gallagher, Diane Lane, James Garner, Peter O'Toole, Jeremy Irons, Angela Lansbury, Bob Hoskins, Jane Seymour, Shirley MacLaine, Richard Gere, Hilary Swank, Ewan McGregor, Jackie Chan, Peter Fonda, Julianne Moore, Woody Harrelson, Laura Dern, Kat Dennings, Anton Yelchin and Canada's own Christopher Plummer, Paul Gross, Anne-Marie MacDonald, Colm Feore, Mike Myers, Yannick Bisson, and Dave Foley, to name a few.

See also

• Sam McLaughlin
• Oshawa, Ontario
• General Motors Canada
• List of Films at Parkwood

External links

• Parkwood, The R.S. McLaughlin Estate
• Heritage Oshawa, Parkwood
• Designations of National Historic Significance of Canada