Pensions in the United States
Pension law in the United States generally refers to the federal statutes and regulations governing: labor law regarding the establishment (primarily ERISA), maintenance, and termination of pension plans; tax treatment of pension plans and pension distributions; provisions of securities law relevant to pension plans; pension-related bankruptcy laws; protection against age discrimination and other requirements imposed on pensions. Pension law also incorporates judicial decisions with respect to those federal statutes and regulations.
Pension plans and benefits may also be subject to state law.
Contents
History
- Sherwood Act of 1912
ERISA
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The primary law governing the establishment, maintenance, and termination of pension plans in the United States is the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA). ERISA includes various provisions of labor law, as well as provisions of tax law that parallel certain provisions in the Internal Revenue Code. (Tax law provisions of ERISA will be separately addressed in the tax law section below.)
Pension Termination Insurance
Non-ERISA Pension-Related Labor Law
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Pension-Related Tax Law
Various federal tax provisions of the Internal Revenue Code apply to pension plans. Similar rules apply to profit-sharing plans and stock bonus plans, which are commonly used for retirement savings. Significant portions of these tax law provisions parallel portions of ERISA (see discussion in a preceding section of this article).
Tax-Qualified Plans
Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation
Excise Taxes
Miscellaneous Tax Provisions
Pension-Related Securities Law
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Pension-Related Bankruptcy Law
In April 2012, the Northern Mariana Islands Retirement Fund filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. The retirement fund is a defined benefit type pension plan and was only partially funded by the government, with only $268.4 million in assets and $911 million in liabilities. The plan experienced low investment returns and a benefit structure that had been increased without raises in funding.[1]
According to "Pensions and Investments", this is "apparently the first" US public pension plan to declare bankruptcy.[1]
Other Pension-Related Statutes and Regulation
Age Discrimination in Employment Act
Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act
Pension-Related Judicial Decisions
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See also
References
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