Periannan Senapathy
| Periannan Senapathy | |
|---|---|
| Born | Periannan Senapathy Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India |
| Institutions | Genome International Corporation |
| Alma mater | National Institutes of Health University of Wisconsin, Madison Indian Institute of Science |
| Known for | Genomics Evolution |
| Website Genome International |
|
Periannan Senapathy is a molecular biologist, geneticist, author and entrepreneur.[1][2] He is the founder, president and chief scientific officer at Genome International Corporation, a biotechnology & bioinformatics firm based in Madison, Wisconsin, which develops next-generation DNA sequencing analysis technologies.[3][4]
He is known for an algorithm for discovering disease-causing mutations in splice junctions in cancerous and non-cancerous diseases (known as Shapiro & Senapathy algorithm, S&S) that is being used in major research institutions around the world.[5] The S&S algorithm has been highly cited in nearly 3,000 publications on finding splicing mutations in thousands of diseases including many different forms of cancer.
Senapathy is also known for offering a new theory on the origin and diversity of life on earth, where he proposes that genomes for eukaryotic life forms could have been directly assembled from a common pool of split genes in prebiotic chemistry.[6] He had authored a book, titled Independent Birth of Organisms in 1994,[7][8] where he first proposed this theory. He has also published his scientific findings in journals such as Science (journal), Nucleic Acids Research, PNAS among others, and is the author of several patents in the genomics field.
Contents
Biography
Senapathy has a PhD in molecular biology from the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India. He spent ten years in genome research for the National Institutes of Health's Division of Computer Research and Technology in Bethesda, Maryland,[9] (1980–87) and the Biotechnology Center of the University of Wisconsin, Madison (1987–90).[10][11] Dr. Senapathy founded Genome International in 1992,[12] which owns the domain genome.com.[13]
Notable works
Senapathy conducted genomics and bioinformatics studies based on the idea that prebiotic genetic sequences must have had random characteristics.[14] He had observed that the reading-frame lengths in a random nucleotide sequence follow an exponential distribution, which is exactly found in eukaryotic genome sequences,[15][16][17] and suggested the split-gene model. In this model, a selective pressure existed in the most primitive unicellular eukaryotes to generate longer coding sequences from random DNA sequences that were populated with in-frame nonsense codons, and intervened between short reading frames, started to be excised by an already existing spliceosome. This model proposes not only that the sequences excised contained random clusters of in-frame nonsense codons[18] but also that the splice junction signal sequences and the branch point sequence originate from nonsense codons.[19][20]
From an evolution perspective, Senapathy's research focused on why eukaryotic genes are split into exons and introns[21][22] and why large genomes such as human and sea urchin contain very long introns and very short exons.[23] Noted evolutionary molecular biologist Colin Blake commented on Senapathy's theory that:[24] "Recent work by Senapathy, when applied to RNA, comprehensively explains the origin of the segregated form of RNA into coding and non-coding regions. It also suggests why a splicing mechanism was developed at the start of primordial evolution. The presence of random sequence was therefore sufficient to create in the primordial ancestor the segregated form of RNA observed in the eukaryotic gene structure.”
Senapathy's research focuses on how all of life's complexity originated directly from the primordial pond, without a need for the origin of the primitive bacterium-like microbe that had to evolve into all organisms on earth through laborious genetic mutations.[25][26][27]
Independent Birth of Organisms
Senapathy published a book titled Independent Birth of Organisms in 1994, which proposes that all organisms on earth had originated independently from a chemical pond, thus rejecting common descent[28][29] The book was a result of his 12 years research in molecular biology.[30]
Andrew Petto, an anthropologist of University of Wisconsin reviewed Senapathy's book saying that Senapathy has some very interesting views about the origins of life, such as his interpretation of the primordial soup theory and that these ideas should be taken seriously by the reader.[31]
Gert Korthof a biologist reviewed Senapathy's book in detail.[32] Korthof rejects Senapahty's hypothesis: He is unaware of quite a few biological facts which happen to cause insurmountable problems for his theory.
Selected publications
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See also
References
- ↑ Kamath, M. V. The United States and India, 1776–1996. Indian Council for Cultural Relations, 1998, p. 311.
- ↑ Independent Birth of Organisms on Amazon
- ↑ Genome International Corporation
- ↑ Genome International Corporate Brochure
- ↑ Google Scholar Citations for Shapiro-Senapathy publications
- ↑ "A long explanation for introns", New Scientist, June 26, 1986.
- ↑ Biology digest, Volume 15, Plexus Pub., 1988, p. 107
- ↑ Review of Independent Birth of Organisms, Nucleic acids research, Volume 23, Issues 1–3, Information Retrieval Limited., 1995, p. 312
- ↑ "A long explanation for introns", New Scientist, June 26, 1986.
- ↑ "Exon, introns, and evolution", New Scientist, March 31, 1988.
- ↑ Review of Senapathys theory in Nucleic acids research, Volume 23, Issues 1–3, Information Retrieval Limited., 1995
- ↑ [1]
- ↑ Genome International Corporation
- ↑ "Exons, introns and evolution", New Scientist, March 31, 1988.
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- ↑ "Origin of biological information", Nature Precedings, December 13, 2010.
- ↑ "Exons, introns and evolution", New Scientist, March 31, 1988.
- ↑ "A long explanation for introns", New Scientist, June 26, 1986.
- ↑ Biology digest, Volume 15, Plexus Pub., 1988, p. 107
- ↑ Review of Independent Birth of Organisms, Nucleic acids research, Volume 23, Issues 1–3, Information Retrieval Limited., 1995, p. 312
- ↑ The United States and India, 1776–1996 Indian Council for Cultural Relations, 1998, p. 311.
- ↑ Independent Birth of Organisms reviewed by Andrew J. Petto, Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin, National Center for Science Education, Issue 37, Winter 1995 Online Edition
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
