Philip Levine (poet)

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Philip Levine
Phil Levine by David Shankbone.jpg
Levine reading on September 16, 2006
Born (1928-01-10)January 10, 1928
Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Fresno, California, USA
Occupation Poet
Alma mater University of Iowa
Years active 1963–2015
Spouse Patty Kanterman
(1951–1953),
Frances J. Artley
(?–2015)
Children Mark, John, Teddy

Philip Levine (January 10, 1928 – February 14, 2015) was a Pulitzer Prize-winning American poet best known for his poems about working-class Detroit. He taught for more than thirty years in the English department of California State University, Fresno and held teaching positions at other universities as well. He served on the Board of Chancellors of the Academy of American Poets from 2000 to 2006,[1] and was appointed Poet Laureate of the United States for 2011–2012.[2][3]

Biography

Philip Levine grew up in industrial Detroit, the second of three sons and the first of identical twins of Jewish immigrant parents. His father, Harry Levine, owned a used auto parts business,[4] his mother, Esther Priscol (Prisckulnick) Levine, was a bookseller.[5] When Levine was five years old, his father died.[6] While growing up, he faced the anti-Semitism embodied by Father Coughlin, the pro-Nazi radio priest.[7]

Levine started to work in car manufacturing plants at the age of 14. Detroit Central High School graduated him in 1946 and he went to college at Wayne University (now Wayne State University) in Detroit, where he began to write poetry, encouraged by his mother, to whom he dedicated the book of poems, The Mercy.[8] Levine earned his A.B. in 1950 and went to work for Chevrolet and Cadillac in what he called "stupid jobs."[2]

He married his first wife, Patty Kanterman, in 1951. The marriage lasted until 1953.[5]

In 1953 he attended the University of Iowa without registering,[9] studying with, among others, poets Robert Lowell and John Berryman, the latter of whom Levine called his "one great mentor."[10]

In 1954 he earned a mail-order masters degree with a thesis on John Keats' "Ode to Indolence,"[6] and married actress Frances J. Artley.[4]

He returned to the University of Iowa teaching technical writing, completing his Master of Fine Arts degree in 1957.[6] The same year, he was awarded the Jones Fellowship in Poetry at Stanford University. In 1958 he joined the English department at California State University in Fresno, where he taught until his retirement in 1992. He also taught at many other universities, among them New York University as Distinguished Writer-in-Residence, at Columbia, Princeton, Brown, Tufts and the University of California at Berkeley.[11]

Levine and his wife had made their homes in Fresno and Brooklyn.[12] He died of pancreatic cancer on February 14, 2015, aged 87.[13]

Work

The familial, social, and economic world of twentieth century Detroit is one of the major subjects of Levine's life work.[14] His portraits of working class Americans and his continuous examination of his Jewish immigrant inheritance (both based on real life and described through fictional characters) has left a testimony of mid-twentieth century American life.[14]

Levine's working experience lent his poetry a profound skepticism in regard to conventional American ideals. In his first two books, On the Edge (1963) and Not This Pig (1968), the poetry dwells on those who suddenly become aware that they are trapped in some murderous processes not of their own making.[15] In 1968, Levine signed the “Writers and Editors War Tax Protest” pledge, vowing to refuse tax payments in protest against the Vietnam War.[16]

In his first two books, Levine was somewhat traditional in form and relatively constrained in expression.[14] Beginning with They Feed They Lion, typically Levine's poems are free-verse monologues tending toward trimeter or tetrameter.[17] The music of Levine's poetry depends on tension between his line-breaks and his syntax. The title poem of Levine's book 1933 (1974) is an example of the cascade of clauses and phrases one finds in his poetry.[14] Other collections include A Walk with Tom Jefferson, New Selected Poems and the National Book Award-winning What Work Is.[14]

On November 29, 2007 a tribute was held in New York City in anticipation of Levine's eightieth birthday.[17] Among those celebrating Levine's career by reading Levine's work were Yusef Komunyakaa, Galway Kinnell, E. L. Doctorow, Charles Wright, Jean Valentine and Sharon Olds.[17] Levine read several new poems as well.[17]

Awards

Published works

Poetry collections

Essays

  • The Bread of Time (1994)

Translations

  • Off the Map: Selected Poems of Gloria Fuertes, edited and translated with Ada Long (1984)
  • Tarumba: The Selected Poems of Jaime Sabines, edited and translated with Ernesto Trejo (1979)

Interviews

Notes

References

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  3. [1] Poetry Foundation website February 15, 2015
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  16. “Writers and Editors War Tax Protest” January 30, 1968 New York Post
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  18. "National Book Awards – 1991". National Book Foundation. Retrieved February 27, 2012.
  19. "National Book Awards – 1980". National Book Foundation. Retrieved 2012-02-27.
    (With essay by John Murillo from the Awards 60-year anniversary blog.)

External links

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  • 2012 Levine interview at Words on a Wire
  • Phillip Levine on America's Workers, Moyers & Company, December 27, 2013
  • Correspondence with Gerald Stern