Politics of Crimea
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. The politics of Crimea from 1991 were that of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea on one hand, and that of the city of Sevastopol on the other.
With the Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation, the political status of Crimea is disputed, with the Russian Federation claiming and administering the Republic of Crimea and the federal city of Sevastopol as its subjects but Ukraine continuing to assert that Crimea is an integral part of its territory.
Contents
Institutions
Since March 2014, the Russian constitution lists Crimea is the 85th Federal Subject of the Russian Federation. However, Ukraine's constitution continues to assert that sovereignty over Crimea belongs to the Ukrainian government, giving Crimea no role in its foreign affairs. Thus, according to Ukrainian law, the Crimean head of state is simultaneously the President of Ukraine, currently Oleksandr Turchynov.[1]
Parliament of Crimea
Before 2014, the 100-seat legislative branch of Crimea was called the Supreme Council of Crimea. This parliament had no right of legislative initiative.[2] It was responsible for appointing the Council of Ministers. Following the decision of the Ukrainian parliament to dissolve the supreme council of Crimea in March 2014, the Supreme Council decided to rename itself as the State Council of Crimea, and to continue as the parliament of Crimea.[3]
Government of Crimea
The Prime Minister of Crimea is the head of the Council of Ministers, serving as the executive branch of government.
Judiciary
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The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature branches and the responsibility of the national authorities.
In Russia, for serious and specific crimes (murder, kidnapping, rape with aggravating circumstances, child trafficking, gangsterism, large-scale bribery, treason, terrorism, public calls for violent change in the constitutional system or for the seizure of power, and select other crimes against the state), the accused have the option of a jury trial consisting of 12 jurors, who must be 25 years old, legally competent, and without a criminal record.[4] In Ukraine, "jury trials" have 2 judges and 3 jurors,[5] but there is confusion over whether or not these are jurors or lay judges.[6][7][8] Russian juries are similar to common law juries, and unlike lay judges, in that they sit separately from the judges and decide questions of fact alone while the judge determines questions of law.[9] (Russia used jury trials from 1864-1917, reintroduced the jury trial in 1993, and extended it to another 69 regions in 2003;[10] Ukraine's first "jury trial" ended in October 2013 in Sumy.[5])
Administrative divisions
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Crimea is subdivided into a total of 25 regions: 14 raions (districts) and 11 city municipalities. While the City of Sevastopol is located on the Crimean peninsula, it is administratively separate from the rest of Crimea and is one of two special municipalities of Ukraine. The capital of Crimea is the City of Simferopol, located in the interior of the peninsula. According to the Treaty on the Adoption of the Republic of Crimea to Russia, Sevastopol will become one of the three federal cities of Russia, along with Moscow and St. Petersburg.
Politics of Crimea today
During the 2014 Crimean Crisis, the Supreme Council of Crimea called a referendum on 16 March on whether Crimea should leave Ukraine and rejoin Russia. On achieving a clear majority for the proposal, the Crimean parliament declared independence from Ukraine and applied to be admitted to the Russian Federation. Crimea was accepted into Russia on 18 March 2014 and a new Constitution was passed by Crimea's parliament on 11 April 2014.
Elections and referendums
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The latest parliamentary elections in Crimea were held in 2010. Before the current constitution took force, Crimea had a President from 1994 to 1995. The first and only presidential elections took place in January 1994. The most recent referendum was held in 2014 concerning whether Crimea should declare independence and seek to join Russia.
Crimean parliamentary election, 2010
| Parties | Party list votes | Party list % | Swing (party list) % | Mandates won on party list | Constituencies won | Swing (in mandates) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party of Regions | 357030 | 48,93% | +19,54% | 32 | 48 | +4 |
| Communist Party of Ukraine | 54172 | 7,42% | +1,15% | 5 | -4 | |
| Qurultai-Rukh | 51253 | 7,02% | +0,47% | 5 | -3 | |
| Soyuz | 38514 | 5,28% | -1,47% | 3 | 2 | -5 |
| Russian Unity | 29343 | 4,02% | 3 | |||
| Strong Ukraine | 26515 | 3,63% | 2 | |||
| People's Party | 4563 | 0,63% | ||||
| Progressive Socialist Party of Ukraine | 12614 | 1,73% | -7 | |||
| Party of Pensioners of Ukraine | 11133 | 1,53% | ||||
| Batkivschyna | 19589 | 2,68% | -3,62 | -8 | ||
| Front for Change | 8281 | 1,13% | ||||
| Svoboda | 1361 | 0,19% | ||||
| Against all Invalid ballots | 57552 | 7.89% | ||||
| Invalid ballots | 21794 | -1.43% | ||||
| Total | 997,575 | 100% | 50 | 50 |
Crimean parliamentary election, 2006
| Parties | Votes | % | Mandates |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bloc "For Yanukovych!" (Блок "За Януковича!") | 324,710 | 32.55 | 44 |
| Soyuz (Союз) | 76,143 | 7.63 | 10 |
| Electoral Bloc of Kunitsyn (Блок Куніцина) | 75,391 | 7.63 | 10 |
| Communist Party of Ukraine (Комуністична партія України) | 65,341 | 6.55 | 9 |
| Qurultai-Rukh (Курултай-Рух) | 62,448 | 6.26 | 8 |
| Yulia Tymoshenko Electoral Bloc (Блок Юлії Тимошенко) | 60,153 | 6.03 | 8 |
| People's Opposition Bloc of Natalia Vitrenko (Блок Наталії Вітренко) | 49,579 | 4.97 | 7 |
| Opposition Bloc "Ne Tak" (Опозиційний блок "НЕ ТАК!") | 30,825 | 3.09 | 4 |
| Lytvyn's People's Bloc (Народний блок Литвина) | 19,153 | 1.92 | - |
| Bloc Our Ukraine (Блок Наша Україна) | 12,369 | 1.24 | - |
| Socialist Party of Ukraine (Соціалістична партія України) | 9,576 | 0.96 | - |
| Pora! (ПОРА!) | 1,895 | 0.19 | - |
| Against all | 33,569 | 20.98 | - |
| Total | 997,575 | 100.0 | 100 |
Crimean presidential election, 1994
| Candidates — nominating parties | Votes first round | % | Votes second round | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yuriy Meshkov — Bloc "Russia" | 557,226 | 38.50 | 1,040,888 | 72.92 |
| Mykola Bahrov — (supported by Mejlis) | 254,042 | 17.55 | 333,243 | 23.35 |
| Serhiy Shuvainykov — Russian Party of Crimea | 196,324 | 13.56 | ||
| Leonid Hrach — Communist Party of Ukraine | 176,330 | 12.80 | ||
| Ivan Yermakov — Ukrainian president representative in Sevastopol | 90,347 | 6.22 | ||
| Volodymyr Verkoshansky — self-nomination | 14,205 | 0.98 | ||
| Total | 1,288,474 | 100.00 | 1,374,131 | 100.00 |
| Source: | ||||
See also
References
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ The Crimea wants to protect majority principle, Den (7 October 2003)
Crimea prepares amendments to Constitution, ForUm (21 January 2013) - ↑ Verkhovna Rada Autonomous Republic of Crimea. Rada.crimea.ua. Retrieved on 19 March 2014.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Terrill 2009, p. 439.
- ↑ Terrill 2009, pp. 438-439.
- ↑ Regions Party gets 80 of 100 seats on Crimean parliament, Interfax Ukraine (11 November 2010)
External links
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| Parliamentary elections | |
|---|---|
| Presidential elections | |
| Referendums | |
