Pornographic film actor

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Pornographic actor
Digital Playground Girls 2012.jpg
Porn actresses Riley Steele, Stoya, BiBi Jones, Kayden Kross, and Jesse Jane at the AVN Expo, Las Vegas, Nevada on January 18, 2012
Occupation
Names Pornographic actor/actress, porn star
Activity sectors
Entertainment/Sex industry
Description
Competencies Willingness to have sex in front of a camera
Related jobs
Actor

A pornographic actor or actress is a person who performs sex acts in film that is usually characterized as a pornographic film. Pornographic films tend to be made in a number of distinct pornographic subgenres and attempt to present a sexual fantasy and the actors selected for a particular role are primarily selected on their ability to create or fit that fantasy. Pornographic films are characterized as either "softcore", which does not contain depictions of sexual penetration or "extreme fetishism", and "hardcore", which can contain depictions of penetration or extreme fetishism, or both. The genres and sexual intensity of films is mainly determined by demand. Depending on the genre of the film, the on-screen appearance, age, and physical features of the main actors and their ability to create the sexual mood of the film is of critical importance. Most actors specialize in certain genres, such as lesbian sex, bondage, strap-on sex, anal sex, double penetration, semen swallowing, teenage women, interracial or MILFs. Irrespective of the genre, most actors are required to appear nude in pornographic films.

Overview

In pornographic films directed at a heterosexual male viewer, the primary focus is on the women in them, who are mostly selected on their on-screen appearance or physical appeal and for their willingness and ability to perform the required sex acts.

The pornography industry in the United States was the first to develop its own movie star system, especially for commercial reasons. In other countries, the "star" system is not common, with most actors being amateurs. Most performers use a pseudonym and strive to maintain off-screen anonymity. A number of pornographic actors and actresses have written autobiographies. It is very rare for pornographic actors and actresses to cross over to the mainstream film industry. Some also work as strippers at strip clubs.

Exceptional performance of pornographic actors and actresses is recognized in the AVN Awards, XRCO Awards and XBIZ Awards. The AVN Awards are movie awards sponsored and presented by the American adult video industry trade magazine AVN (Adult Video News). They are called the "Oscars of porn".[1][2][3] The AVN Awards are divided into nearly 100 categories, some of which are analogous to industry awards offered in other film and video genres, and others that are specific to pornographic/erotic film and video.[4] The XRCO Awards are given by the X-Rated Critics Organization annually.[5] The Venus Awards are presented each year in Berlin as part of the Venus Berlin trade fair.

The number of pornographic film actors who have worked in the United States can be indicated by number of actors tested by Adult Industry Medical Health Care Foundation (AIM). When in 2011 its patient database was leaked it contained details of over 12,000 pornographic actors that it had tested since 1998.[6][7] As of 2011, it was reported that roughly 1,200–1,500 performers were working in California's "Porn Valley".[7]

History

Production of risqué films commenced with the start of photography. "Moving pictures" that featured nudity were popular in "penny arcades" of the early 1900s which had hand-cranked films and rotoscope (Holmes-style Stereoscope) glasses. These penny arcade attractions featured topless women, full frontal nudity, and even sexual coupling.

Production of erotic films commenced almost immediately after the invention of the motion picture. The first erotic film was the 7-minute 1899 film Le Coucher de la Mariée directed by Frenchman Albert Kirchner (under the name "Léar") which had Louise Willy performing a bathroom striptease.[8][9] Other French filmmakers also started making this type of risqué films, showing women disrobing.[10][11] The Pathé brothers supplied the demand throughout Europe.[12] In Austria, Johann Schwarzer produced 52 erotic productions between 1906 and 1911, each of which contained young local women fully nude, to provide an alternative local source to the French productions.[12]

Performers in these early productions were usually uncredited or used pseudonyms to avoid legal sanction and social disapprobation. The use of pseudonyms is the norm in the industry; pornographic film actors maintained a low profile, using pseudonyms to maintain a level of anonymity, while others performed uncredited. The use of pseudonyms has remained a tradition in the industry, and actors would perform under a number of pseudonyms, depending on the genre of film, or changed a pseudonym when the previous one ceased to be a draw card. Arguably the first pornstar to become a household name was Linda Lovelace (a pseudonym) from the United States, who starred in the 1972 feature Deep Throat. It was Casey Donovan who starred in the very first mainstream pornographic hit, Boys in the Sand,[13] in 1971, nearly a year before Deep Throat. The success of Deep Throat, which grossed millions of dollars worldwide, that encouraged the ascension of more such stars and the production of more such films. Examples include Marilyn Chambers (Behind the Green Door), Gloria Leonard (The Opening of Misty Beethoven), Georgina Spelvin (The Devil in Miss Jones), and Bambi Woods (Debbie Does Dallas).

The 1970s have been called The Golden Age of Porn, a time when pornographic films were shown in public theaters and accepted (or at least tolerated) for public consumption.[14] This "golden age" lasted from the 1970s through the late-70s or early 1980s. Sex films of this era had specific storylines, plots, and promotional budgets. Performers became celebrities. Such performers include Peter Berlin, John Holmes, Ginger Lynn Allen, Porsche Lynn, Desireé Cousteau, Juliet Anderson ("Aunt Peg"), Lisa De Leeuw, Veronica Hart, Nina Hartley, Harry Reems, Seka, Annette Haven and Amber Lynn.

In Europe, many of the current and recent pornographic actresses and actors come from the so-called pornographic bloc countries, such as Romania, Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary. In France, Katsuni and Yasmine Lafitte are well known. In Switzerland, Will Steiger is well-known. In Mexico, Maritza Mendez and Silvia Loret have become famous in recent years. In Italy, the Swedish Marina Lothar rose to prominence in the early 1980s, as well as Moana Pozzi, Ilona Staller (Cicciolina), Lilli Carati, and Barbarella.

Performers

Female performers

File:Nyomi Banxxx 2009.jpg
Nyomi Banxxx is a former porn actress

Most pornographic films are directed at a heterosexual male viewer, and the primary focus and most on-screen time is on the women in them. Pornographic films attempt to present a sexual fantasy and actresses are selected on their ability to create or fit that fantasy. Many times the fantasy can be an actress' physical features and appearance, such as figure, breast size, hair style, ethnicity, as well as on her willingness and expertise in performing particular sex acts. Actresses are required to present a positive attitude to on-screen sexual performance with all sex acts being presented as enjoyable and joyfully entered into. Actresses are usually presented as always being available and willing to engage in any sex acts that their on-screen partner, as the proxy of the viewer, wishes.

Depending on the genre of a film, the on-screen appearance and physical features of the main actors and their ability to create the sexual mood of the film is of critical importance. Most actors specialize in certain genres, such as lesbian sex, bondage, strap-on sex, anal sex, double penetration, semen swallowing, teenage women, interracial or MILFs. Sex acts may be simulated or unsimulated. Irrespective of the genre, most actors are required to appear nude in pornographic films.

The pornography industry in the United States has developed a star system, especially for commercial reasons, and promotes name recognition for actresses. In other countries, the star system is not common, with most actors remaining amateurs and some remain uncredited. Most pornographic film actresses do not have any name recognition and are usually not selected on their acting ability. Most actors use pseudonyms for their acting roles, some more than one.

The on-screen appearance of the female actors is of critical importance. They are usually in the high range of physical attractiveness, and commonly in their 20s or into their 30s. Actors with bruises, scars, birth marks or other blemishes are usually avoided. There is a preference in the industry for large breasted actresses and some film studios encourage their actresses to have breast implants, and offer to pay for the procedure.[15]

According to actor-turned-director Jonathan Morgan, "The girls could be graded like A, B and C. The A is the chick on the boxcover. She has the power. So she'll show up late or not at all. 99.9% of them do that."[15] Less successful actresses are more likely to perform more extreme acts such as "double-anal".[15] If an actress is willing to perform more extreme acts she will receive more offers of work.[15] Older or less attractive actresses are more likely to perform such acts in order to get work.[15] According to Morgan, "Some girls are used up in nine months or a year. An 18-year-old, sweet young thing, signs with an agency, makes five films in her first week. Five directors, five actors, five times five: she gets phone calls. A hundred movies in four months. She's not a fresh face any more. Her price slips and she stops getting phone calls. Then it's, 'Okay, will you do anal? Will you do gangbangs?' Then they're used up. They can't even get a phone call. The market forces of this industry use them up."[15]

Conversely, some performers are not unhappy with their job, while still noting that "a performer's pleasure is not of primary importance" and that "porn sex is not the same as private sex".[16] Furthermore, there is a contrary opinion stating that porn production is not necessarily unethical or degrading. According to Lynn Comella, a women's studies professor at UNLV, presenting demeaning practices as representative of the entire porn industry is "akin to talking about Hollywood while only referencing spaghetti Westerns."[17]

Male performers

File:Ron Jeremy 2010.jpg
Porn star Ron Jeremy was ranked by AVN at number one in their "100 Top Porn Stars of All Time" list,[18] and is listed in the Guinness Book of World Records for "Most Appearances in Adult Films".[19]

While the primary focus of heterosexual sex films are the women in them, who are mostly selected for their on-screen appearance, there is a definite focus on the male performers who are able to fulfill the desires of the male watching audience as their on-screen proxies. Most male performers in heterosexual pornography are generally selected less for their looks than for their sexual prowess, namely their ability to do three things: achieve an erection while on a busy and sometimes pressuring film set, maintain that erection while performing on camera, and then ejaculate on cue.[20] In the past an actor's inability to maintain an erection or being subject to premature ejaculation could make the difference between a film turning a profit or a loss.[15] However this problem has been solved by the use of Viagra.[15] If an actor loses his erection, filming is forced to stop for about 45 minutes whilst the drug takes effect.[15] Using Viagra can make the actor's face noticeably flushed, give him a headache, and make it difficult to ejaculate.[15] According to director John Stagliano, using Viagra means "You also lose a dimension." "The guy's fucking without being aroused."[15]

Ron Jeremy, John Holmes, Peter North, and Rocco Siffredi are considered by AVN as the top male performers of all time. Adding to his fame, Ron Jeremy has been a staple in the industry since the 1970s and has become something of a cultural icon.[21]

Industry practices

Pay rates

Most male performers in heterosexual porn are paid less than their female counterparts. Ron Jeremy has commented on the pay scale of women and men in the sex film industry: in 2003 "Girls can easily make 100-250k per year, plus stuff on the side like strip shows and appearances. The average male makes $40,000 a year."[22] and in 2008, "The average guy gets $300 to $400 a scene, or $100 to $200 if he's new. A woman makes $100,000 to $250,000 at the end of the year."[23]

In 2011, the manager of Capri Anderson said, "A contract girl will only shoot for one company, she won’t shoot for anyone else. Most actresses in the adult industry are free agents – they’ll shoot for anyone. Most contract girls make $60,000 a year. In one year, a contract girl will shoot, on average, four movies and each movie takes about two or three weeks to shoot."[24]

The Los Angeles Times reported that the pay rates for a female actress performing male and female scenes were $700 to $1,000.[25]

Some state that gay male porn generally pays men much more than heterosexual porn.[citation needed] Men who identify themselves as heterosexual but perform in gay pornography are said to do gay-for-pay (notably Wolf Hudson). This means they perform in gay movies only for the paycheck.

According to producer Seymore Butts, who runs his own sex-film recruitment agency, as well as producing sex films; "depending on draw, female performers who perform in both straight and lesbian porn earn more than those who do just heterosexual scenes usually make about US$200–800 while those who only do oral sex (blow job) usually only make about US$100–300 for the scene".[26] It was also noted in an interview conducted by Local10 news of Florida that individuals were offered $700 for sexual intercourse while shooting a scene of the popular series Bang Bus in 2004.[27] According to Videobox, a porn website, actresses make these rates: Blowjobs: $200–$400; Straight sex: $400–$1,200; Anal sex: $900–$1,500; Double Penetration: $1,200–$1,600; Double anal: $2,000. For more unusual fetishes, women generally get 15% extra.[28]

In 2001, actress Chloe said of pay-rates; "In Gonzo, you're paid not by the picture, but by the scene. So it's girl-girl: $700, plus $100 for an anal toy. Boy-girl: $900. Anal: $1,100. Solo: $500. DP: $1,500."[15]

Additionally, besides appearing in films, porn stars often make money from endorsements and appearance fees. For instance, in 2010, some night clubs were paying female porn stars and Playboy Playmates to appear there to act as draws for the general public; Jesse Jane was reported to have been paid between $5,000 to $10,000 for one appearance by a Chicago club.[29]

Health issues

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Because pornographic film making involves unsimulated sex, usually without condoms (barebacking), pornographic actors are particularly vulnerable to sexually transmitted diseases. In a paper written by the LA Board of Public Health, officials claimed that among 825 performers screened in 2000–2001, 7.7% of females and 5.5% of males had chlamydia, and 2% overall had gonorrhea. These rates are much higher than in patients visiting family planning clinics, where chlamydia and gonorrhea rates were 4.0% and 0.7%, respectively. Between January 2003 and March 2005, approximately 976 performers were reported with 1,153 positive STD test results. Of the 1,153 positive test results, 722 (62.6%) were chlamydia, 355 (30.8%) were gonorrhea, and 126 (10.9%) were coinfections with chlamydia and gonorrhea. Less is known about the prevalence and risk of transmission of other STDs such as syphilis, herpes simplex virus, human papillomavirus, hepatitis B or C, trichomonal infection, or diseases transmitted through the fecal–oral route.[30] The data collection of LA public health was criticized by pornographic industry sources on the grounds that most of those testing positive had never made a pornographic film, and were in fact being excluded from pornographic film acting until they had treated their STDs. Non-treatable STDs like HSV represent a difficult case: according to actress Chloe, "After you've been in this business for a while, you have herpes. Everyone has herpes."[15]

The high rate of STDs in the pornographic film industry started to change in 1998 when major pornographic film producers started implementing a regular periodic testing program for pornographic film actors. In the 1980s, there was an outbreak of HIV/AIDS in the pornographic film industry and a number of deaths of actors and this led to the creation of the Adult Industry Medical Health Care Foundation (AIM), which helped set up a voluntary standard[31] in the United States pornographic film industry where pornographic film actors are tested for HIV, chlamydia and gonorrhea every 30 days, and hepatitis, syphilis and HSV twice a year.[32] AIM claims that this program has reduced the rate of STDs among pornographic film actors to 20% that of the general population.[33] These claims have been criticized by various public health authorities.[citation needed]. Data on premature death in the industry reveals that it is a very dangerous, high-risk and stressful occupation. See below.

Premature Deaths Among Pornographic Film actors

There is a very high rate of premature and violent death among pornographic film actors. Here are some cases noted during the period 1990-2020.

  • Megan Leigh | self-inflicted gunshot wound | age 26
  • Tony Bravo | AIDS | age 31
  • Keith Anthoni | AIDS | age 39
  • Lee Ryder | AIDS | age 31
  • Artie Mitchell | murder | age 45
  • Nancee Kellee | suicide by hanging | age 33
  • Tim Kramer | AIDS | age 34
  • Al Parker | AIDS | age 40
  • Chanel Price | overdose | age 35
  • Rod Phillips | AIDS | age 32
  • Scott Bond | AIDS | age 50
  • Clint Lockner | AIDS | age 50
  • Scott Taylor | AIDS | age 40
  • Jeremy Scott | AIDS | age 32
  • Glenn Steers | AIDS | age 36
  • Joey Stefano | overdose | age 26
  • “Savannah” | self-inflicted gunshot wound | 23
  • Joe Simmons | AIDS | age 30
  • Jon King | AIDS | age 32
  • Pierce Daniels | AIDS | age 36
  • Lon Flexx | AIDS | age 30
  • Ben Barker | AIDS | age 43
  • Alex Jordan | suicide by hanging | age 27
  • Cal Jammer | self-inflicted gunshot wound | age 34
  • Richard Locke | AIDS | age 55
  • Christian Fox | overdose | age 22
  • Steve Fox | self-inflicted gunshot wound | age 31
  • J.D. Ram | overdose | age 28
  • Wendy O’Williams | self-inflicted gunshot wound | age 48
  • Trinity Loren | overdose | age 34
  • Sparky O’Toole | AIDS | age 31
  • David Morris | overdose | age 41
  • Lolo Ferrari | overdose | age 37
  • Jon Vincent | overdose | age 37
  • Kyle McKenna | overdose | age 31
  • Teri Diver | overdose | age 29
  • Brett Ford | AIDS | age 31
  • Elisa Bridges | overdose | age 28
  • Mike Henson | overdose | age 38
  • Sophie Roche | suicide | age 23
  • Naughtia Childs | jumped off balcony while on drugs | age 29
  • Jay Anthony | suicide | age 27
  • Karen Dior | cirrhosis of the liver | age 37
  • Rebecca Steele | overdose | age 42
  • Johnny Rahm | suicide by hanging | age 39
  • Taylor Summers | murdered after shooting a porn scene | age 23
  • Chloe Jones | liver failure | age 29
  • Eva Lux | overdose | age 32
  • Juliette Jett | overdose | age 28
  • Karen Lancaume | overdose | age 32
  • Tim Barnett | suicide by hanging while in jail on rape charges | age 37
  • Lance Heywood | suicide by jumping off a building | age 40
  • Yumika Hayashi | choked on vomit while intoxicated | age 35
  • Angela Devi | suicide by asphyxiation | age 30
  • Kirby Scott | overdose | age 44
  • Jon Dough | suicide by hanging | age 43
  • Clarissa Doll | suicide | age 26
  • Kristian Brooks | AIDS | age 35
  • Johnny Rey | AIDS | age 42
  • Austin Black | liver cancer | age 38
  • Candice Rialson | liver failure | age 54
  • “Rocky” | AIDS | age 26
  • Joe Romero | Complications from HIV | age 40
  • Hailey Paige | suspected murder | age 25
  • Kent North | overdose | age 35
  • Danny Dukes | overdose | age 33
  • Brett Mycles | heart attack induced by steroid use | age 29
  • Cody Foster | AIDS | age 36
  • Chico Want | overdose | age 38
  • Zoey Zane | raped and murdered | age 18
  • Vanessa Freeman | murdered by prostitution client | age 30
  • Danny Roddick | overdose | age 31
  • Tiffani DiGivanni | suicide | age 21
  • “Missi” | overdose | age 41
  • Farah Dawn White | suicide | age 35
  • Ursula Quakenbush | suicide | age 28
  • Terry Lindon Kelley | murder | age 34
  • Jenna Horgan | suicide | age 24
  • Elis Diamond | murder | age 20
  • Shane Risk | suicide | age 25
  • Shawn Ricks | suicide | age 46
  • Eliza Samudio | murdered and fed to dogs | age 46
  • Stephen Clancy Hill | suicide | age 34
  • Herbert Hin Wong | murder | age 30
  • Allan Gassman | AIDS | age 47
  • Chad Noel | AIDS | age 25
  • Natalie Heck | brain aneurysm after alcohol abuse | age 27
  • Lora Ann Evans | murder | age 31
  • Barbara Bellucci | AIDS | age 28
  • Laura Thacker | overdose | age 19
  • Andre Cowboy | slashed to death by a machete wielding porn actor | age 37
  • “Michal” | suicide | age 21
  • Kathryn Sue Johnston | alcohol intoxication | age 30
  • Hugo Faraud | overdose | age 34
  • Cane Carrington | suicide | age 31
  • Sean Moss | drowning while under the influence of drugs | age 28
  • Chad Jason Hull | AIDS | age 39
  • Hanna Barbara Brown | suicide | age 20
  • Mariana Nardini | cardiac infarction | age 30
  • Heather Hernandez | suicide | age 25
  • Jack Banner | suicide | age 60
  • Adam Faust | cardiac infarction | age 38
  • James Elliott Naughtin | cardiac infarction after drug abuse | age 30
  • Dror Barak | suicide | age 38
  • Damon Richey | suicide | age 21
  • Nicole Teresa Keffer | overdose | age 31
  • Danielle Porter | overdose | age 27
  • Wilfried Knight | suicide | age 38
  • Malinda Gayle McCready | suicide | age 37
  • Petér Kozma | suicide | age 45
  • Tad Douglas Nolen | overdose | age 43
  • Ginevra Hollander | murdered and dismembered | age 43
  • Kamarion Sanchez | murdered | early 20s
  • Robert Glenn Hucks | murdered | age 20
  • Dimitri Kane | suicide | age 20
  • Amber Rayne | overdose | age 31
  • Xander Scott | overdose | age 30
  • January Seraph | suicide by hanging | age 31
  • Tyler White | overdose | age 25
  • Dave Slick | overdose | age 26
  • Olga Kudrova | beaten to death | age 21
  • Stephanie Adams | suicide | age 47
  • Olivia Lua | overdose | age 23
  • Alexis Rose Forte | alcohol and drug abuse | age 20
  • Joey Ray | self-inflicted gunshot wound | age 51
  • Natasha Vega | overdose | age 25
  • Bella Blaze | overdose | age 30
  • Carla Mai | cocaine and ketamine overdose | age 30
  • Shyla Stylez | suspected overdose | age 35
  • Roxy Nicole | overdose | age 22
  • August Ames | suicide by hanging | age 23
  • Yuri Love | overdose | age 31
  • Natasha Blu | self-inflicted gunshot wound | age 23
  • Deven Davis | suspected overdose | age 39
  • Kasey Chase | overdose | age 27
  • Nikki Kyle | overdose | age 37
  • Angie White | suicide by hanging | age 24
  • Bill Bailey | fell to his death due to extreme intoxication | age 38
  • Nicole Clitman | suspected suicide | age 27
  • Violet Rain | overdose | age 19
  • Jessica Jaymes | alcohol poisoning | age 40
  • Zoey Parker | unknown | age 24
  • Dahlia Skye | suspected suicide | age 31
  • Dakota Skye | overdose | age 27

Media

Media and press coverage

With some notable or occasional exceptions, pornographic actors are not generally reported on by mainstream media. As a result, specialized publications (or trade journals) emerged to serve as a source of information about the industry, its business dealings, trends and forecasts, as well as its personnel. Two of the predominant media outlets are Adult Video News and the X-Rated Business Journal known as XBIZ.

The industry also has its own version of the popular entertainment industry database website IMDb, the Internet Movie Database. Called the Internet Adult Film Database (IAFD) the site lists adult film productions dating back to the 1970s, the performers in those films, and the associated directors.

Autobiographies

A number of pornographic actors and actresses have written autobiographies, including the following:

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See also

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References

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  8. Richard Abel, Encyclopedia of early cinema, Taylor & Francis, 2005, ISBN 978-0-415-23440-5, p.518
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  12. 12.0 12.1 Michael Achenbach, Paolo Caneppele, Ernst Kieninger: Projektionen der Sehnsucht: Saturn, die erotischen Anfänge der österreichischen Kinematografie. Filmarchiv Austria, Wien 2000, ISBN 3-901932-04-6.
  13. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. Second wave: Feminism and porns golden age. Radical Society Oct 2002 by Loren Glass
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External links