Portal:Chemistry

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Welcome to the chemistry portal. Chemistry is a branch of science. Modern chemistry focuses on the study of elements of the world and the bonds between elements. Chemistry also deals with composition, structure, and properties of substances and the transformations that they undergo.The study of chemistry can help people to make new materials. In the study of matter, chemistry also investigates its interactions with energy and itself. Because of the diversity of matter, which is mostly in the form of compounds, chemists often study how atoms of different chemical elements interact to form molecules, and how molecules interact with each other.
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The mushroom cloud over Hiroshima after the dropping of the uranium-based atomic bomb nicknamed 'Little Boy' (1945).
Uranium is a silvery metallic chemical element in the actinide series of the periodic table that has the symbol U and atomic number 92. The heaviest naturally occurring element, uranium is nearly twice as dense as lead and weakly radioactive. It occurs naturally in low concentrations (a few parts per million) in soil, rock and water, and is commercially extracted from uranium-bearing minerals such as uraninite (see uranium mining).

In nature, uranium atoms exist as uranium-238 (99.275%), uranium-235 (0.72%), and a very small amount of uranium-234 (0.0058%). Uranium decays slowly by emitting an alpha particle. The half-life of uranium-238 is about 4.5 billion years and that of uranium-235 is 700 million years, making them useful in dating the age of the earth (see uranium-thorium dating, uranium-lead dating and uranium-uranium dating). Along with thorium and plutonium, it is one of the three fissile elements, meaning it can easily break apart to become lighter elements. This property of uranium-235 and to a lesser degree uranium-233 generates the heat needed to run nuclear reactors and provides the explosive material for nuclear weapons. Both uses rely on the ability of uranium to produce a sustained nuclear chain reaction. Depleted uranium (uranium-238) is used in kinetic energy penetrators and armor plating.

Research by Enrico Fermi and others starting in 1934 led to its use as a fuel in the nuclear power industry and in the first nuclear weapon used in war (see Little Boy and Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki). An ensuing arms race during the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union produced tens of thousands of nuclear weapons that used enriched uranium and uranium-derived plutonium. The security of those weapons and their fissile material following the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 along with the legacy of nuclear testing and nuclear accidents is a concern for public health and safety.

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Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Box-header/colours' not found. Fields of Chemistry (books)


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Antoine Lavoisier

Many chemists have an interest in the history of chemistry. Those with philosophical interests will be interested that the philosophy of chemistry has quite recently developed along a path somewhat different from the general philosophy of science.

Other articles that might interest you are:

There is a Wikipedia Project on the History of Science and a portal for the philosophy of science.

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Wikipedia:WikiProject Chemicals/Data is a collection of links and references that are useful for chemistry-related works. This includes free online chemical databases, publications, patents, computer programs, and various tools.

Science is Fun University of Wisconsin–Madison Chemistry Professor Bassam Z. Shakhashiri, shares the fun of science.

unit-conversion.info A good place to figure out what equals what.

General Chemistry Online Clear text and comprehensive coverage of general chemistry topics by Fred Senese, Dept. of Chemistry Frostburg State University

General Chemistry Demonstration at Purdue Video clips (and descriptions) of lecture demonstrations.

Intota Chemistry Experts A large online listing of real-world chemistry expert biographies provides examples of the many areas of expertise and careers in chemistry.

Chemistry Webercises Directory A large listing of chemistry resources maintained by Steven Murov, Emeritus Chemistry Professor Modesto Junior College.

MathMol MathMol (Mathematics and Molecules) is a good starting point for those interested in the field of molecular modeling.

Chemistry Educational Resources and Essential References from Wiley, the world's largest chemistry publisher

ABC-Chemistry A directory of free full-text journals in chemistry, biochemistry and related subjects.

The Element Song A goofy little song about all of the elements.

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Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff
Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff (1852-1911) was a Dutch physical and organic chemist, and recipient of the inaugural Nobel Prize for Chemistry. His first major findings accounted for the phenomenon of optical activity by assuming that the chemical bonds between carbon atoms and their neighbors were directed towards the corners of a regular tetrahedron. This three-dimensional structure perfectly accounted for the isomers found in nature (stereochemistry). He shares credit for this idea with the French chemist Joseph Le Bel, who independently came up with the same idea. He received the first Nobel Prize for his work on relating the behaviour of solutions to that displayed by gases.
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Distillation
Catalysis - Chromatography - Combustion - Crystallization - Decantation - Distillation - Electrolysis - Extraction - Filtration - Fractionation - Reflux - Spectrometry - Sublimation - Titration - Standard addition - Isotope dilution
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Aspirator - Beaker - Boiling tube - Büchner funnel - Bunsen burner - Burette - Calorimeter - Colorimeter - Conical measure - Nuclear Magnetic Resonance - Mass Spectrometer - Liquid Chromatography - Gas Chromatography - Crucible - Cuvette - Laboratory flasks (Büchner, Erlenmeyer, Florence, Retort, Round-bottom, Volumetric) - Fume hood - Gas syringe - Graduated cylinder - Perkin triangle - Pipette - Reagent - Separating funnel - Spectrophotometer - Schlenk flask- pH indicator - Litmus papers - Tongs - Soxhlet extractor - Stir bar - Static mixer - Test tube - Thistle tube - Viscometer
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Acid rain - Air pollution - Anabolic steroids - Asbestos - Aspartame - Aspirin - CFCs - Cholesterol - Carbohydrates - Carbon dioxide - Chemical warfare - Enzymes - Fat - Fatty acid - Free radicals - Fuel cell - Gasoline - Green chemistry - Hormonal contraception - Insulin - Nuclear fuel - Nuclear fusion - Nylon - Ozone - Paracetamol - Penicillin - Plastic - Psychoactive drugs - Radioactive waste - Smog - Soil contamination - Sugar - Tamiflu - Viagra - Vitamins
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Types of chemical industry: Agrochemicals - Chemical industry - Organometallic chemistry - Oleochemicals - Paints - Petrochemicals - Pharmaceuticals - Polymers
Companies: AstraZeneca - Bayer - BP - BASF - Bristol-Myers Squibb - Dow - DuPont - Evonik Industries - ExxonMobil - GlaxoSmithKline - The Linde Group - Mitsubishi - Monsanto - Nestlé - OSI - Shell - Sigma-Aldrich - Sasol - Total

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Chemistry - Chemicals - Elements - Isotopes - Physical Chemistry - Polymers - Rocks and minerals - Glass - Science - Spectroscopy

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Group 1 2   3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Alkali metals Alkaline earth metals Pnicto­gens Chal­co­gens Halo­gens Noble gases
Period

1

Hydro­gen
1
He­lium
2
2
Lith­ium
3
Beryl­lium
4
Boron
5
Carbon
6
Nitro­gen
7
Oxy­gen
8
Fluor­ine
9
Neon
10
3
So­dium
11
Magne­sium
12
Alumin­ium
13
Sili­con
14
Phos­phorus
15
Sulfur
16
Chlor­ine
17
Argon
18
4
Potas­sium
19
Cal­cium
20
Scan­dium
21
Tita­nium
22
Vana­dium
23
Chrom­ium
24
Manga­nese
25
Iron
26
Cobalt
27
Nickel
28
Copper
29
Zinc
30
Gallium
31
Germa­nium
32
Arsenic
33
Sele­nium
34
Bromine
35
Kryp­ton
36
5
Rubid­ium
37
Stront­ium
38
Yttrium
39
Zirco­nium
40
Nio­bium
41
Molyb­denum
42
Tech­netium
43
Ruthe­nium
44
Rho­dium
45
Pallad­ium
46
Silver
47
Cad­mium
48
Indium
49
Tin
50
Anti­mony
51
Tellur­ium
52
Iodine
53
Xenon
54
6
Cae­sium
55
Ba­rium
56
1 asterisk
Lute­tium
71
Haf­nium
72
Tanta­lum
73
Tung­sten
74
Rhe­nium
75
Os­mium
76
Iridium
77
Plat­inum
78
Gold
79
Mer­cury
80
Thallium
81
Lead
82
Bis­muth
83
Polo­nium
84
Asta­tine
85
Radon
86
7
Fran­cium
87
Ra­dium
88
1 asterisk
Lawren­cium
103
Ruther­fordium
104
Dub­nium
105
Sea­borgium
106
Bohr­ium
107
Has­sium
108
Meit­nerium
109
Darm­stadtium
110
Roent­genium
111
Coper­nicium
112
Unun­trium
113
Flerov­ium
114
Unun­pentium
115
Liver­morium
116
Unun­septium
117
Unun­octium
118
1 asterisk
Lan­thanum
57
Cerium
58
Praseo­dymium
59
Neo­dymium
60
Prome­thium
61
Sama­rium
62
Europ­ium
63
Gadolin­ium
64
Ter­bium
65
Dyspro­sium
66
Hol­mium
67
Erbium
68
Thulium
69
Ytter­bium
70
 
1 asterisk
Actin­ium
89
Thor­ium
90
Protac­tinium
91
Ura­nium
92
Neptu­nium
93
Pluto­nium
94
Ameri­cium
95
Curium
96
Berkel­ium
97
Califor­nium
98
Einstei­nium
99
Fer­mium
100
Mende­levium
101
Nobel­ium
102
 

black=solid green=liquid red=gas gray=unknown Color of the atomic number shows state of matter (at 0 °C and 1 atm)
Primordial From decay Synthetic Border shows natural occurrence of the element
Background color shows subcategory in the metal–metalloid–nonmetal trend:
Metal Metalloid Nonmetal Unknown
chemical
properties
Alkali metal Alkaline earth metal Lan­thanide Actinide Transition metal Post-​transition metal Polyatomic nonmetal Diatomic nonmetal Noble gas
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Nuvola apps edu science.png The current Chemistry Article Improvement Drive is Sodium hydroxide.
Every month a different chemistry-related topic, stub or non-existent article may be picked. Please improve the article any way you can.

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Chemistry portal on Wikinews   Chemists on Wikiquote   Chemistry portal on Wikisource   Chemistry subject on Wikibooks   Chemistry category on Wikicommons   Chemistry category on Wiktionary   Wikiversity School of Chemistry
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