Prince Frederick of the Netherlands

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Prince Frederick
PrinsFrederik1797.jpg
Born (1797-02-28)28 February 1797
Berlin
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Wassenaar
Spouse Princess Louise of Prussia
Issue Louise, Queen of Sweden and Norway
Prince Frederik
Prince Willem
Marie, Princess of Wied
House Orange-Nassau
Father William I of the Netherlands
Mother Wilhelmine of Prussia
Religion Dutch Reformed Church

Prince Frederick of the Netherlands, Prince of Orange-Nassau (full names: Willem Frederik Karel; Berlin, 28 February 1797 – Wassenaar, 8 September 1881), was the second son of William I of the Netherlands and his wife, Wilhelmine of Prussia.

Early life

The prince grew up at the court of his grandfather Frederick William II of Prussia and uncle Frederick William III of Prussia. One of his tutors was Carl von Clausewitz. Aged 16, the prince fought in the Battle of Leipzig.

The prince first entered the Netherlands in December 1813. As he spoke no Dutch, the prince was sent to Leiden University to get a further education. He was also educated by Karl Ludwig von Phull in The Hague. When Napoleon returned from Elba, during the Hundred Days the prince was given command of a detachment of Wellington's army which was posted in a fall back position near Braine-le-Comte should the battle taking place at Waterloo be lost.

Prince of the Netherlands

Based on a house treaty, Frederick was to inherit the family's German possessions upon his father's death. After the treaty of Vienna these were no longer in the possession of the family. He instead was made heir to the Grand Duchy of Luxemburg. In 1816, Frederick relinquished this claim in exchange for land in the Netherlands and the title of Prince of the Netherlands. As a further compensation he received a yearly amount of 190,000 Dutch guilder.[1] This made him the wealthiest member of the House of Orange-Nassau.[1] With the money he bought a large estate in Germany, which made him the largest land owner from the Netherlands.[1]

In 1826 Frederick was appointed Commissary-general of the Department of War. In this office, Frederick reorganized the army on a Prussian model. Frederick founded the military academy in Breda and reequipped the army with modern weapons.

In 1829 Frederick was a candidate for the Greek throne, but he declined because he did not want to be king of a country whose language and traditions were foreign to him.

When the Belgian Revolution broke out in 1830, Frederick commanded the troops sent to Brussels to suppress the rebellion there. Frederick led these troops in several days of fighting in Brussels, but could not retake the city. Frederick also took part in his brother's 1831 Ten Days' Campaign in Belgium.

When his father abdicated in 1840, Frederick withdrew from public life to his estates at Wassenaar. Upon the death of his elder brother in 1849, the country was left with a large debt. Frederick managed to pay off a million guilder to Tsar Nicholas I of Russia, who was brother-in-law to William II.[1] The new King William III of the Netherlands did not want to inherent the kingship from his father, but Frederick managed to convince him to take up the position, offering to assist him.[1] William III recalled Frederick and made him Inspector-General of the army. Frederick held that office until 1868, when he resigned because of the lack of support for his plans to modernize the army. Frederick managed to prevent a divorce between King William III and Queen Sophie of Württemberg by establishing a legal separation.[1]

Marriage

Prince Frederick married in Berlin on 21 May 1825 his first cousin Louise, daughter of Frederick William III of Prussia. They had four children:

Titles and Styles

  • 1797 – 1881: His Royal Highness Prince Frederik of the Netherlands, Prince of Orange-Nassau

Ancestry

Family of Prince Frederick of the Netherlands
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
16. John William Friso, Prince of Orange
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
8. William IV, Prince of Orange
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
17. Marie Louise of Hesse-Kassel
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4. William V, Prince of Orange
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
18. George II of Great Britain
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
9. Anne, Princess Royal
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
19. Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2. William I of the Netherlands
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
20. Frederick William I of Prussia
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
10. Prince Augustus William of Prussia
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
21. Sophia Dorothea of Hanover
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5. Wilhelmina of Prussia
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
22. Ferdinand Albert II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
11. Louise Amalie of Brunswick-Lüneburg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
23. Antoinette Amalie of Brunswick-Lüneburg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1. Prince Frederik of the Netherlands
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
24. Frederick William I of Prussia (= 20)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
12. Prince Augustus William of Prussia (= 10)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
25. Sophia Dorothea of Hanover (= 21)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
6. Frederick William II of Prussia
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
26. Ferdinand Albert II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (= 22)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
13. Louise Amalie of Brunswick-Lüneburg (= 11)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
27. Antoinette Amalie of Brunswick-Lüneburg (= 23)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3. Wilhelmine of Prussia
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
28. Louis VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
14. Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
29. Countess Charlotte of Hanau-Lichtenberg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
7. Frederika Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
30. Christian III, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
15. Caroline of Zweibrücken
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
31. Caroline of Nassau-Saarbrücken
 
 
 
 
 
 

References

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