Nobuhito, Prince Takamatsu

Nobuhito 高松宮宣仁親王
Prince Takamatsu
Prince Takamatsu in December 1940
Born	(1905-01-03)3 January 1905 Aoyama Detached Palace, Tokyo, Japan
Died	Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Shibuya, Tokyo, Japan
Burial	10 February 1987 Toshimagaoka Imperial Cemetery, Bunkyo, Tokyo
Spouse	Kikuko Tokugawa
Full name Nobuhito (宣仁)
House	Imperial House of Japan
Father	Emperor Taishō
Mother	Empress Teimei
Religion	Shinto

Nobuhito, Prince Takamatsu (高松宮宣仁親王, Takamatsu-no-miya Nobuhito Shinnō, 3 January 1905 – 3 February 1987) was the third son of Emperor Taishō (Yoshihito) and Empress Teimei (Sadako) and a younger brother of Emperor Shōwa (Hirohito). He became heir to the Takamatsu-no-miya (formerly Arisugawa-no-miya), one of the four shinnōke or branches of the imperial family entitled to inherit the Chrysanthemum throne in default of a direct heir. From the mid-1920s until the end of World War II, Prince Takamatsu pursued a career in the Japanese Imperial Navy, eventually rising to the rank of captain. Following the war, the prince became patron or honorary president of various organizations in the fields of international cultural exchange, the arts, sports, and medicine. He is mainly remembered for his philanthropic activities as a member of the Imperial House of Japan.

Early life

Emperor Taishō's four sons in 1921 : Hirohito, Takahito, Nobuhito and Yasuhito

Prince Nobuhito was born at the Aoyama Palace in Tokyo to then-Crown Prince Yoshihito and Crown Princess Sadako. His childhood appellation was Teru-no-miya (Prince Teru). Like his elder brothers, Prince Hirohito and Prince Yasuhito, he attended the boy's elementary and secondary departments of the Peers' School (Gakushuin). When Prince Arisugawa Takehito (1862–1913), the tenth head of the collateral imperial house of Arisugawa-no-miya, died without a male heir, Emperor Taishō placed Prince Nobuhito in the house. The name of the house reverted to the original Takamatsu-no-miya. The new Prince Takamatsu was a fourth cousin, four times removed of Prince Takehito.

Military service

Prince Takamatsu attended the Imperial Japanese Naval Academy from 1922 to 1925. He received a commission as an ensign on 1 December 1925 and took up duties aboard the battleship Fusō. He was promoted to sub-lieutenant the following year after completing the course of study at the Torpedo School. The prince studied at the Naval Aviation School at Kasumigaura in 1927 and the Naval Gunnery School at Yokosuka in 1930 - 1931. In 1930, he was promoted to lieutenant and attached to the Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff in Tokyo. He became a squadron commander of cruiser Takao, two years later and subsequently was reassigned to the Fusō. Prince Takamatsu graduated from the Naval Staff College in 1936, after having been promoted to lieutenant commander on 15 November 1935. He was promoted to the rank of commander on 15 November 1940 and finally to captain on 1 November 1942. From 1936 to 1945, he held various staff positions in the Naval General Staff Office in Tokyo.

Marriage

On February 4, 1930, Prince Takamatsu married Kikuko Tokugawa (December 16, 1911 - December 17, 2004), the second daughter of Prince Yoshihisa Tokugawa (peer). The bride was a paternal granddaughter of Yoshinobu Tokugawa, the last Shōgun of the Tokugawa shogunate, and the maternal granddaughter of the late Prince Arisugawa Takehito. Prince and Princess Takamatsu had no children.

The Second World War

Prince and Princess Takamatsu in Berlin around 1930

From the 1930s, Prince Takamatsu expressed grave reservations regarding Japanese aggression in Manchuria and the decision to wage war on the United States.

In 1991, his wife Kikuko, Princess Takamatsu and an aide discovered a twenty-volume diary, written in Prince Takamatsu's own hand between 1934 and 1947. Despite opposition from the entrenched bureaucrats of the Imperial Household Agency, she gave the diary to the magazine Chūōkōron which published excerpts in 1995.

The diary revealed that Prince Takamatsu bitterly opposed the Kwantung Army's incursions in Manchuria in September 1931, the expansion of the July 1937 Marco Polo Bridge Incident into a full-scale war of aggression against China and in November 1941 warned his brother, Hirohito that the Imperial Japanese Navy could not sustain hostilities for longer than two years against the United States. He urged Emperor Shōwa to seek peace after the Japanese naval defeat at the Battle of Midway in 1942; an intervention which apparently caused a severe rift between the brothers.

After the Battle of Saipan in July 1944, Prince Takamatsu joined his mother Empress Teimei, his uncles Prince Higashikuni, Prince Asaka, former prime minister Konoe Fumimaro, and other aristocrats, in seeking the ouster of the prime minister, Tojo Hideki.

After the surrender

After the end of WWII, Prince Takamatsu became the honorary president of various charitable, cultural and athletic organizations including the Japan Fine Arts Society, the Denmark-Japan Society, the France-Japan Society, the Tofu Society for the Welfare of Leprosy Patients, the Sericulture Association, the Japan Basketball Association, and the Saise Welfare Society. He also served as a patron of the Japanese Red Cross Society (present day the Honorary President is Empress Michiko) and was a major contributor of the NBTHK (Nihon Bijutsu Token Hozon Kyokai or Society for the Preservation of the Japanese Sword). He aiso officiated the Honorary President of the Preparatory Committee for founding International Christian University (ICU) located in Mitaka, Tokyo.

In 1975, the Bungei Shunjū literary magazine published a long interview with Takamatsu in which he told of the warning he made to his brother Hirohito on November 30, 1941, the warning he made to him after Midway and that, before the surrender, he and Prince Konoe had considered asking for the emperor's abdication. The interview implied that the emperor had been a firm supporter of the Greater East Asia War (Japanese name of Pacific War in those days) while the prince was not.

In 1991, Princess Takamatsu and an aide discovered a twenty-volume diary, written in Prince Takamatsu's own hand between 1934 and 1947. The diary, which the magazine Chūō Kōron obtained, revealed the late prince had opposed the Kwantung Army's incursions in Manchuria in September 1931 and the expansion of the July 1937 Marco Polo Bridge Incident into a full-scale war against China.

Prince Takamatsu died of lung cancer on February 3, 1987 at the Japanese Red Cross Medical Center (ja, located in Shibuya, Tokyo). His remains were buried at Toshimagaoka Cemetery located in Bunkyō, Tokyo.

Titles and styles

Styles of Prince Takamatsu
Reference style	His Imperial Highness
Spoken style	Your Imperial Highness
Alternative style	Sir

• 3 January 1905 – 5 July 1925: His Imperial Highness The Prince Teru
• 5 July 1925 – 3 February 1987: His Imperial Highness The Prince Takamatsu

Honours

National honours

• Grand Cordon of the Order of the Chrysanthemum (1 February 1925)
• Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun
• Grand Cordon of the Order of the Sacred Treasure
• Order of the Golden Kite, Fourth Class (29 April 1940)
• China Incident Medal (29 April 1940)

Foreign honours

• Sweden : Knight of the Royal Order of the Seraphim (1930)
• Italy : Knight of the Order of the Most Holy Annunciation
• United Kingdom : Recipient of the Royal Victorian Chain, conferred in 1930, revoked in 1942.
• Portugal : Grand Cross of the Order of the Tower and Sword (1930)

Ancestry

Family of Nobuhito, Prince Takamatsu

16. Ayahito, Emperor Ninkō               8. Osahito, Emperor Kōmei                       17. Lady Tsuneko Fujiwara               4. Mutsuhito, Emperor Meiji                             18. Nakayama Tadayasu               9. Lady Yoshiko Nakayama                       19. Lady Matsuura Aiko               2. Yoshihito, Emperor Taishō                                   10. Count Takamitsu Yanagihara                       5. Lady Naruko Yanagihara                             11. Lady Utano Hasegawa                       1. Nobuhito, Prince Takamatsu                                         24. Nijō Harutaka               12. Prince Kujō Hisatada, Regent                       6. Prince Kujō Michitaka of the Fujiwara Clan                             13. Lady Tsuneko Karahashi                       3. Lady Sadako Kujō                                   14. Yorioki Noma                       7. Lady Ikuko Noma

See also

• Winfred J. Sanborn, headed welcoming contingent in Los Angeles, California
• Praemium Imperiale is an arts prize awarded since 1989 in the memory of Prince Takamatsu

Bibliography

Kase Hideaki, Takamatsu no miya kaku katariki, Bungei shunjû, February 1975, pp. 193, 198, 200

External links

• Kunaicho | Their Imperial Highnesses Prince and Princess Takamatsu
• 1931 image