Puffin Island (Anglesey)

For other uses, see Puffin Island.

Puffin Island

Native name: Ynys Seiriol
Puffin Island seen from Penmon Point
Puffin Island
Geography
Location	Anglesey, Wales
Coordinates
Country
Wales
County	Anglesey
Additional information
Uninhabited

Puffin Island (Welsh: Ynys Seiriol) (at SH 649 821 or ) is an uninhabited island off the eastern tip of Anglesey, Wales. It was formerly known as Priestholm in English and Ynys Lannog in Welsh.

Geography

File:Puffin islandmap1947.png

A map of the island from 1947

Puffin Island is the ninth largest island off the coast of Wales and marks the northeastern end of the Menai Strait. Puffin Island's highest point is Carboniferous limestone, at 58.5 metres (192 ft) above sea level having steep cliffs on all sides. It has an area of 0.28 square kilometres (69 acres). The island is privately owned by the Baron Hill estate.

History

File:View on Puffin Island, near Anglesea.jpeg

View on Puffin Island, 1815

The Welsh name, Ynys Seiriol, refers to Saint Seiriol. The son of Owain Ddantgwyn, a 5th-century ruler of the Kingdom of Gwynedd, and the brother of Saint Einion Frenin, a 5th- or 6th-century king in the Llŷn Peninsula, Seiriol founded and governed a clas (ecclesiastical settlement) at Penmon on the Anglesey. In later life, he abandoned his responsibilities there to establish a hermitage on the nearby island, where his remains are thought to rest.

King Cadwallon ap Cadfan of Gwynedd is said to have sheltered here in around 630 when fleeing an invasion from the Kingdom of Northumbria. A monastery existed on the island in the late 12th century and was mentioned by Gerald of Wales who visited the area in 1188. He claimed that, whenever there was strife within the community of monks, a plague of mice would devour all their food. Llywelyn the Great issued two charters in 1221 and 1237 confirming the Canons Regular, in possession of the island and the church and manor of Penmon on the mainland of Anglesey. The ruins of several ecclesiastical buildings are visible on the island, including the remains of a 12th century church.

Much later a telegraph station was built on the north-eastern tip of the island. It is now disused.

Wildlife

File:TrwynDuLighthouse.jpg

Trwyn Du Lighthouse near the island

The island is a Special Protection Area (SPA), particularly because of its great cormorant colony of over 750 pairs, making it one of the largest colonies in the British Isles. It also has good numbers of guillemot, razorbill, cormorant ("shag") and kittiwake nesting, and in recent years small numbers of common eider and black guillemot. The Atlantic puffins from which the island gets its modern English name bred in considerable numbers at one time, with up to 2000 pairs recorded. The brown rat was introduced accidentally to the island, probably in the late 19th century and reduced this population to a very few pairs. A programme of poisoning these rats started in 1998 by the Countryside Council for Wales appears to have eradicated them, and the Puffin population has shown an increase since that date.

At one time the island was heavily grazed by rabbits, but these were wiped out by an outbreak of myxomatosis, leading to the growth of dense vegetation, particularly common elder (Sambucus nigra).

The strong currents around the island provide for an abundance of marine life, particularly on the north coast where the depths reach 15 metres (8 fathoms). Many people enjoy fishing trips departing from Beaumaris in these waters, catching mainly mackerel, but many other species are caught. Pleasure cruises are also available from Easter to October to view the island, its seal colony and birdlife.

There is one identified shipwreck, a steamship named The Pioneer, which ran ashore in 1878 with a cargo of iron bars when the tow lines to it broke following its rescue from engine failure near The Skerries.