Q-carbon

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Q-carbon is an allotrope of carbon. It is reported to be ferromagnetic, electrically conductive, and able to glow when exposed to low levels of energy.[1] It is relatively inexpensive to make and some media reports claim that it has replaced diamond as the world's hardest substance. According to the researchers, the crystalline structure is a mix of both 3-way and 4-way bonds rather than the uniform 4-way bonds found in diamonds.[2][3]

History

The discovery of Q-carbon was announced in 2015 by a research group headed by Materials Science & Engineering Professor Jagdish Narayan and graduate student Anagh Bhaumik at North Carolina State University.[4]

Production

It took researchers only 15 minutes to make one carat of Q-carbon. The initial research created Q-carbon from a thin plate of sapphire coated with amorphous (non-crystalline) carbon. Further research has demonstrated that other substrates, such as glass or polymer, also work. The process uses a high-powered laser pulse, similar to that used in eye surgery, lasting approximately 200 nanoseconds. This raises the temperature of the carbon to about Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). at atmospheric pressure. The resulting substance is rapidly cooled ("quenched"). This quenching stage is the source of the "Q" in the material's name.[5][unreliable source?][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]

Properties

Q-carbon is a very hard solid phase of carbon.[1] Unlike all other known forms of carbon, Q-carbon is ferromagnetic. Its estimated Curie temperature is about 500 K and has a saturation magnetization value of 20 emu/g.[13] It has a mixed sp2/sp3 orbital form.[14] The electron cloud is subjected to rapid dissociation within the same phase becoming ferromagnetic. It is electrically conductive and glows when exposed to even low levels of energy. Q-carbon's hardness measurement is ~35 GPa,[14] compared to "diamond-like" carbon at 21 GPa.

Applications

Q-carbon has no current practical applications and is still in the development stage. Researchers have made various speculative claims including its formation into nanoneedles, microneedles, nanodots, or large-area diamond films. These preparations could offer potential applications in drug delivery, industrial processes and high-temperature switches and power electronics.[citation needed] Because of its glowing properties, researchers suggest this new carbon phase could be used to create new display technologies. Its mechanical properties and easy manufacturing process may see it replace industrial diamonds.[1][15]

See also

References

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  13. Narayan & Shipman 2015.
  14. 14.0 14.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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Further reading

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