Armenian Democratic Liberal Party

This article is about the Armenian party established as Armenakan Party in 1885 and reformed as Armenian Democratic Liberal Party in 1921; For party established in 1991 and dissolved in 2012 see Democratic Liberal Party of Armenia; For party established in 2009 and dissolved in 2012, see Armenakan-Democratic Liberal Party; For party established on 3 June 2012 from the unification and merger of the two preceding parties, see Democratic Liberal Party (Armenia)

Armenian Democratic Liberal Party Ramgavar Azatakan Kusaktsutyun
Leader	Mike Kharabian
Founded	1921
Headquarters	Yerevan, Armenia Beirut, Lebanon
Ideology	Armenian nationalism National liberalism Liberalism Accession of Armenia into the EU Accession of Armenia into NATO
Political position	Centre-right
National affiliation	March 14 Alliance (Lebanon)
Colors	Blue
Parliament of Lebanon	2 / 125
Website
http://www.ramgavar.org
Politics of Armenia Political parties Elections Politics of Lebanon Political parties Elections

The Armenian Democratic Liberal Party (Armenian: Ռամկավար Ազատական Կուսակցութիւն) or the Ramgavar Party, (before 1921 known as the Armenakan party) (Armenian: Արմենական Կուսակցութիւն), also known by its Armenian initials (Armenian: ՌԱԿ ) or its English initials ADL (meaning Armenian Democratic Liberal) is an Armenian political party in Armenia and the Armenian diaspora including the Middle East, Europe, the Americas and Australia.

It was established as the Armenakan Party in the Ottoman Empire by Mekertich Portukalian as part of national movement in Van in 1885. The Armenakan Party was one of the first parties that was established in the Ottoman Empire by Armenian national movement.

At the Armenian parliamentary elections on 25 May 2003, the party won 2.9% of popular votes and no seats. Ever since, the party has lost all presence in the political landscape of Armenia. A few pockets of their presence exists in the Diaspora with ever-decreasing numbers, a far cry from their heyday during the Soviet era.

History

1885-1921: Armenakan Party

Main article: Armenakan Party

The Armenakan Party was established in Van by Mekertich Portukalian, Setrak Gabudian, and Hampig Der Hampartsoumian in 1885 as an underground organization against the ruling system. It was classified as a party based on the fact that it developed a platform, a central body, and an official publication.

The founders of the Armenakan party, Mekertich Portukalian, Setrak Gabudian, and Hampig Der Hampartsoumian kept in touch with the leaders, and published a journal of political and social enlightenment, "Armenia". Portukalian is also cited as the father of the Armenian Patriotic Society of Europe.

After Mekertich Portukalian, the Armenians of Van continued to develop the political principles behind Armenian nationalism, in secrecy. The party's main misconception was that enemies of the Ottoman Empire would intervene and rescue the Armenian people throughout the period 1885–1918.

With the turn of the century, Armenakans had cells outside Van, in other towns in the province, as well as in Trabzon and Istanbul. The military structure was developed in Russian Transcaucasia, in Persia and in the United States. Military activities in the Ottoman Empire included Bashkaleh Resistance in May 1889, Defense of Van in June, 1896 and the Siege of Van from April 19 to May 6, 1915.

1921-present: Armenian Democratic Liberal Party (ADL)

In 1921 three groupings, namely the Armenakans, reformed factions splitting from the Social Democrat Hunchakian Party and the "Sahmanadir Ramgavars" (Constitutional Democrats) joined forces to form together the Democratic Liberal Party (also known as (Armenian: Ռամկավար Ազատական Կուսակցություն (ՌԱԿ) ) (English: Armenian Democratic Liberal Party (ADL)) or Ramgavar Party). The majority of the membership of the Armenakan Party was absorbed into the new party.

Ideology

The Ramgavar party advocates liberalism and capitalism, unlike the other two classical Armenian political parties, the Armenian Revolutionary Federation (Dashnaktsutiun), and Social Democrat Hunchakian Party, which both have leftist ideology.

However, with the decline of their influence and presence within the political life of Armenia and the Diaspora, there have been calls from within the ranks to reform the party and disband it all together and join other political forces that have sustained their presence.

The current numbers of the party are minimal compared to other traditional parties in the Diaspora and Armenia. Moreover, they hold no seats in the parliament of Armenia while having no solid constituency. Subsequently, the situation has risen a debate over the existence of the party. Party member Unger Garabed Manushian has called for reform or disbandment of the party, "We, the Ramgavars, today are at a focal point of our history. We have no presence in Armenia and insignificant role in the Diaspora. We must start a process of reforming the party, its ideology, and its activities if we want to exist in the next 10 years. If we do not choose this course, then we must admit to ourselves that our party has come to an end."

ADL Media

Armenian Democratic Liberal Party has long-established media in the Armenian diaspora as well as in the Republic of Armenia.

• Argentina: Sardarabad (ADL weekly newspaper in Armenian and Spanish published in Buenos Aires, Argentina) [1]
• Armenia: Azg [note **] (ADL Daily published in Armenian in Yerevan, Armenia —recently sold to other independent owners) [2]
• Canada: Abaka [note **] (ADL trilingual weekly published since 1975 in Montreal in Armenian, English and French)
• Egypt: Arev (ADL Daily in Armenian published in Cairo, Egypt)
• Greece: Nor Ashkharh (ADL weekly in Armenian published in Athens, Greece)
• Lebanon: Zartonk ADL Daily in Armenian published in Beirut, Lebanon since 1937 [3]
• United States:
  • Armenian Mirror-Spectator [note **] (ADL weekly published since 1932 in English in Watertown, Massachusetts) [4]
  • Baikar (ADL periodical established 1922 and published daily / weekly in various periods in Armenian in Watertown, Massachusetts)
  • Nor Or (ADL weekly published in Armenian in Altadena, California) [5]

[note **]: As a result of the rift in the party, some party organs have started actively supporting the rival Armenakan-Democratic Liberal Party and the latter's policies, most notably Azg in Armenia, Armenian Mirror-Spectator in the United States and Abaka in Canada.

Modern developments

Ramgavar Heroes and resistance against the Ottoman Empire

The party was active during and after the Armenian Genocide, when the Armenians began mobilizing politically for rights under the oppressing Ottoman regime. A main figure of the Ramgavar party, Diran Pasha, led the resistance within the Ottoman political arena and subsequently picked up arms when the Ottoman government began the systematic annihilation of the Armenian population in Anatolia and Northeastern Turkey(Western Armenia). With his band of brothers, Zinvadz Lerner, Diran Pasha held out the Ottoman forces from the ancient castle at Haghardzin village. The siege concluded with the death of Diran and all his men.

Diran Pasha's death inspired more people to join the ranks of the Ramgavars. Agha Panos planned an attack an on Ottoman military convoy on their way to deport the Armenians of Mooghni. Later on, after the unsuccessful attack, Agha Panos later on was disillusioned by the Ramgavars failures and joined the ranks of the Hnchankians. During that time, the Hnchankians had an active policy against the ranks of the Ramgavars with the aim of recruiting young Ramgavars towards the ranks of the Hnchanks.

With the establishment of the First Republic of Armenia in 1918, the Ramgavar battalions disbanded over their disagreements with the Ramgavar political committees whom wanted to have a more confrontational manner vis-a-vis the government in Armenia.

Expansion towards Republic of Armenia

During the Soviet reign 1921-1990 when the Communist Party was the only legal political party allowed in the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, all other political parties were banned, including the Armenian Democratic Liberal Party, despite the party's traditional role as, more or less, a supporter of Soviet Armenia achievements in the Armenian diaspora.

With the establishment of the independent Republic of Armenia in 1990, the Armenian Democratic Liberal Party soon established party affiliates in the new Republic commanding a good number of applicants, adherents and sympathizers. The influx of Diasporan Armenians also encouraged the propagation of the party and its right of center ideology attracted elements in the new republic. Of immense importance was also the establishment of the highly respected and popular Azg daily, an official organ of the Armenian Liberal Democrats. The party also tried to form alliances with various political parties and movements established in the new republic.

Establishment of the Democratic Liberal Party of Armenia

Main article: Democratic Liberal Party of Armenia

Because of the status of the Armenian Democratic Liberal Party as a Diaspora organization, and although the party had established cadres allied to it in the new republic, there were legal restrictions about being itself established as a legal political entity and participation in Armenian Parliamentary election. For this purpose, Armenia-based sympathizers of the party established in July 1991 a new nominally independent party called Democratic Liberal Party of Armenia (in Armenian Հայաստանի Ռամկավար Ազատական Կուսակցություն (ՀՌԱԿ)). Close cooperation continued between the two entities, although the political role was reserved predominantly to the new entity. Despite this, the traditional Armenian Democratic Liberal Party (in Armenian Ռամկավար Ազատական Կուսակցություն (ՌԱԿ)) continued its nominal existence.

Rift in party and establishment of Armenakan-Democratic Liberal Party

A major rift developed in the traditional Armenian Democratic Liberal Party (ADL) with a significant number of its members favouring the newly established Armenakan-Democratic Liberal Party (Armenian: Արմենական -Ռամկավար Ազատական Կուսակցություն ) generally considered an offshoot of the Armenian Democratic Liberal Party (Armenian: Ռամկավար Ազատական Կուսակցություն ), but not officially recognized by the current (diaspora) leadership of the ADL. Armenakan-Democratic Liberal Party also decided to move its main office to Yerevan, Armenia, another move not approved by the current leadership of the ADL.

There are also great differences about the ownership and policies of the traditional Armenia and Diaspora media of the ADL, some of which have declared their affiliation with the new Armenakan entity, rather than the line of the current traditional leadership, whereas other paty media stuck to the official party line.

The Central Executive of ADL chaired by Mike Kharabian, and in Armenia the Democratic Liberal Party of Armenia (ADLA) chaired by Harutiun Arakelian have both expressed clear opposition and blamed the new entity of trying to divide the party. In 2008 three parties in Armenia, the National Rebirth, Dashink, and Liberal Progressive Parties dissolved into the ADLA. The last assembly of the official Armenian Democratic Liberal Party (ADL) took place in Spring 2009 in Amman, Jordan.

Harutiun Arakelian of the Democratic Liberal Party of Armenia (ADLA) has also declared that the party will challenge the adoption of the name of the new party once the latter applies for registration, due to the similarity of the names and ADLA will demand that the new party adopts a different and more distinctive name to alleviate any confusion with the ADL / ADLA.

ADL in Lebanese Politics

The Armenian Democratic Liberal Party with its center-right politics has long been one of the three traditional ethnic Armenian parties in Lebanon alongside the Social Democrat Hunchakian Party (center-left) and the Armenian Revolutionary Federation (left-socialist). But with stronger candidates from its rivals, and certainly higher membership and political voting power in the other two, ADL never held representation in the Lebanese Parliament until the end of the 1990s.

ADL Lebanon won its first-ever parliamentary seat in 2000, as an ally to Rafik Hariri's Future Movement, when the latter opted to form alliances with ADL and the Social Democrat Hunchakian Party to the detriment of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation, the traditional political power maker of Lebanese-Armenian politics. The MP and party's leader in Lebanon Hagop Kassarjian was elected in 2000 as part of Hariri's strong Beirut list dominated by the Future Movement, and re-elected in 2005 elections as part of March 14 Alliance. The Armenian Revolutionary Federation sided at the time with the opposition March 8 Alliance.

The official MP of the ADL party in the Lebanese Parliament after the 2009 elections is Jean Ogassapian as part of the same March 14 Alliance, although he is not a card-holding member of the party.

See also

• Mkrtich Avetisian

External links

• Armenian Democratic Liberal Party - Ramgavar Official website (in Armenian and English)
• ADL Media - Ramgavar Mamoul Facebook site