Realm of Sweden

The Realm of Sweden or Svenska väldet is a term that historically was used to comprise all the territories under the control of the Swedish monarchs.

Lands of Sweden

Main article: Lands of Sweden

Researchers from the 19th century have suggested that in the 9th century Svealand, which they claimed was the historical core region of Sweden, expanded southwards, conquering Gothia. Little is known however from this time and more contemporary researchers have suggested that Gothia might as well have been the core region, or the two region were joined through a union.

In the 11th century Sweden also expanded to the east conquering the parts which came to be called Österland, present-day Finland, through crusades. Norrland was made a part of the kingdom in the 16th century. In the 17th century the kingdom expanded to the south and east, except for short-period holdings in Norway, incorporating Scania, Blekinge, Halland and Bohuslän as well as Pomerania. On the other side of the Baltic Sea Kexholm County, Ingria and present day Latvia was also incorporated.

Provinces of Sweden

Main article: Provinces of Sweden

The four Swedish lands were in turn divided into separate Provinces or Landskap, which were governed by their own laws under the rule of a Ting. The monarchs would gradually strengthen their authority at the expense of the provinces, and in the 15th century the provincial laws were replaced by a single law for the entire kingdom.

Counties of Sweden

Main article: Counties of Sweden

The Counties were established in 1634 to supersede the Provinces and to introduce a modern administration. The most significant change to the County system took place when Sweden was forced to cede the Finnish Counties to Russia in 1809. Despite this the County reform survived in Finland until 1997 and is still in force in Sweden today.

Dominions of Sweden

Main article: Dominions of Sweden

The Counties and Provinces represent territories that were fully integrated into the Swedish kingdom. Apart from this there also existed Dominions that were under Swedish rule, sometimes for centuries, that for various reasons weren't fully integrated.

Possessions of Sweden

Main article: Possessions of Sweden

The Swedish Crown also exercised control over various territories during shorter periods of time. These included time-limited fiefs, colonies and conquered territories under Swedish government.

Unions of Sweden

Main article: Unions of Sweden

Sweden has for political and dynastic reasons been in union with other kingdoms and princely states, ostensibly personal unions.

Today

Today, "Realm of Sweden" can be used as a translation of the term Sveriges rike, which simply is a more solemn term for the contemporary Swedish state, and does not have the expansionist connotations which Svenska väldet may have. It is also worth noting that although Sweden remains a monarchy, modern Swedish constitutional law does not define the realm as belonging to the King personally, the government as being His Majesty's Government or the citizens of the realm as being His Majesty's subjects. Thus, "realm" has lost some of the connotations of "kingdom" that it might previously have had.

Structure of the Swedish Realm

Century	Swedish Realm
20th	Sweden proper			Finland	Estonia	Latvia	Germany
19th				GD of Finland	Russia		Prussia
18th	Sweden proper						Pomerania¹
17th	Terra Scania	Bahusia	Sweden proper		Estonia	Livonia
16th	Denmark-Norway					Poland	Pomerania
15th	Kalmar Union				Sword Brethren
14th	Denmark Blechingia Hallandia Scania	Norway Bahusia Herdalia Jemtia	Sweden proper
13th
12th
Peoples	Danes	Norwegians	Swedes	Finns	Estonians	Livonians	Germans

1/ German dominions also include Bremen-Verden, Wismar, etc. Claims to Wismar finally renounced in 1903.pt:Reino da Suécia