Recyclebot

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A recyclebot (or RecycleBot) is an open-source hardware device for converting waste plastic into filament for open-source 3D printers like the RepRap.[1] Making DIY 3D printer filament at home is both less costly and better for the environment than purchasing conventional 3D printer filament.[2][3][4]

Recyclebot technology

RepRap 3D printers have been shown to reduce costs for consumers by offsetting purchases that can be printed.[5][6][7][8] The RepRap's plastic feedstock is one area where cost can still be reduced. In 2014 professor Joshua Pearce pointed out that "Filament is retailing for between $36 and $50 a kilogram and you can produce your own filament for 10 cents a kilogram if you use recycled plastic"[9] The device can thus further enhance RepRap affordability by reducing operating costs.[10] In addition, to assisting prosumers to reduce their reliance on purchased products, following an open source model, the RepRap and the recyclebot, have made it feasible for 3D printing to be used for small-scale manufacturing to aid sustainable development.[11][12]

The RecycleBot is an open-source hardware project – thus its plans are freely available on the Internet.

It has been postulated that recycled filament production could also offer an alternative income source by the Ethical Filament Foundation[15][16] or as a form of "fair trade filament".[17]

History

The history of the RecycleBot was largely derived from the work on the RepRap Wiki under GNU Free Documentation License1.2.[18]

The first recyclebot was developed by university students in Australia.[19] This design was a proof of concept and was a hand-powered design, which thus had a good environmental or ecological footprint did not create filament of high enough quality to be useful for 3D printers. The design for the waste plastic extruder (Recyclebot v2.0 and v2.1) developed at Queen's University Canada and Michigan Tech was heavily influenced by the Web4Deb extruder, which extrudes HDPE for use as a growth medium in aquaponics.[20] This design for the recyclebot was developed, tested and published in the peer-reviewed rapid prototyping literature.[21] This device proved viable for producing 3D printing filament. The Recyclebot v2.2 is now being carried out by the Michigan Tech in Open Sustainability Technology Research Group.[22] Many makers or DIY enthusiasts have made various versions of RecycleBots, with the most notable being the Lyman Filament Extruder as Lyman, a retired engineer won a design contest to make a low-cost 3D filament fabrication system.[23] There are now many types of recyclebots, many of which are at the early stages of commercialization (in 2014).

Commercialization

Several versions of open-source RecycleBots have been commercialized via crowd funding such as a with Kickstarter that include:

Futurist speculation

It has been hypothesized that such recycling with recyclebots and distributed production with 3D printing will lead to a zero marginal cost society by Jeremy Rifkin.[28] The science-fiction author, Bruce Sterling also wondered in Wired if recyclebots and 3D printers might be used to turn waste into guns.[29] Recyclebots can provide a new method of recycling.[30]

References

  1. ↑ Christian Baechler, Matthew DeVuono, and Joshua M. Pearce, "Distributed Recycling of Waste Polymer into RepRap Feedstock" Rapid Prototyping Journal, 19(2), pp. 118–125 (2013).free open access copy
  2. ↑ M.A. Kreiger, M.L. Mulder, A.G. Glover, J. M. Pearce, Life Cycle Analysis of Distributed Recycling of Post-consumer High Density Polyethylene for 3-D Printing Filament, Journal of Cleaner Production, DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.02.009. open access
  3. ↑ The importance of the Lyman Extruder, Filamaker, Recyclebot and Filabot to 3D printing – VoxelFab, 2013.
  4. ↑ M. Kreiger, G. C. Anzalone, M. L. Mulder, A. Glover and J. M Pearce (2013). Distributed Recycling of Post-Consumer Plastic Waste in Rural Areas. MRS Online Proceedings Library, 1492, mrsf12-1492-g04-06 doi:10.1557/opl.2013.258. open access
  5. ↑ B.T. Wittbrodt, A.G. Glover, J. Laureto, G.C. Anzalone, D. Oppliger, J.L. Irwin, J.M. Pearce (2013), Life-cycle economic analysis of distributed manufacturing with open-source 3-D printers, Mechatronics, 23 (2013), pp. 713–726. open access
  6. ↑ Study: At-home 3-D printing could save consumers 'thousands' – CNN, 2013
  7. ↑ Printing Keychains and Shower Heads: 3-D Printing Goes Beyond the Lab – ABC News
  8. ↑ A 3-D Printer Can Pay For Itself In Less Than A Year – Popular Science, 2013
  9. ↑ Turning old plastic into 3D printer filament is greener than conventional recycling – 3Ders, 2014
  10. ↑ Study: At-home 3-D printing could save consumers 'thousands' – CNN, 2013
  11. ↑ 3-D Printing of Open Source Appropriate Technologies for Self-Directed Sustainable Development
  12. ↑ DJ Pangburn. 2014.How 3D Printers Are Boosting Off-The-Grid, Underdeveloped Communities - MotherBoard
  13. ↑ http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:12948
  14. ↑ http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:54180
  15. ↑ http://techfortrade.org/our-initiatives/3d4d-challenge/the-ethical-filament-foundation/ Tech for Trade – Ethical Filament Foundation
  16. ↑ Charity Targets 3D Printing’s Plastic Waste Problem With Standards For An Ethical Alternative 7 November 2013 by Natasha Lomas, Tech Crunch, http://techcrunch.com/2013/11/07/ethical-additive-manufacturing/
  17. ↑ Feeley, S. R., Wijnen, B., & Pearce, J. M. (2014). Evaluation of Potential Fair Trade Standards for an Ethical 3-D Printing Filament. Journal of Sustainable Development, 7(5), 1-12. DOI: 10.5539/jsd.v7n5p1
  18. ↑ http://reprap.org/wiki/Recyclebot
  19. ↑ Recyclebot v1.0
  20. ↑ Web4Deb's blog.
  21. ↑ Christian Baechler, Matthew DeVuono, and Joshua M. Pearce, "Distributed Recycling of Waste Polymer into RepRap Feedstock" Rapid Prototyping Journal, 19(2), pp. 118–125 (2013).free open access copy
  22. ↑ [1]
  23. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  24. ↑ Filastruder
  25. ↑ Filafab
  26. ↑ Filabot
  27. ↑ Felfil Evo
  28. ↑ Jeremy Rifkin, Zero Marginal Cost Society, Palgrave Macmillan, 2014.
  29. ↑ 3D Printed gun moving from sinister joke to sinister business model By Bruce Sterling – Wired – Beyond the Beyond
  30. ↑ Baltodano, S. (2013). RISE. http://www.mme.fiu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/F13-OR-T-4.pdf
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