Reina-Valera

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Reina-Valera
File:Bilbia-oso.gif
Bible's title-page traced to the Bavarian printer Mattias Apiarius, "the bee-keeper". Note the emblem of a bear tasting honey.
The title in English says:
THE BIBLE,
THAT IS, THE SA-
CRED BOOKS OF THE
OLD AND NEW TE-
STAMENT.
Full name Reina-Valera
Language Spanish
Authorship Casiodoro de Reina
First revision by Cipriano de Valera
Version revision 1602, 1862, 1909, 1960, 1995 and 2011
Publisher United Bible Societies
<templatestyles src="Template:Hidden begin/styles.css"/>
Genesis 1:1–3
En el principio creó Dios los cielos y la tierra. Y la tierra estaba desordenada y vacía, y las tinieblas estaban sobre la faz del abismo, y el Espíritu de Dios se movía sobre la faz de las aguas. Y dijo Dios: Sea la luz; y fue la luz.
Genesis 1:1 in other translations
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John 3:16
Porque de tal manera amó Dios al mundo, que ha dado a su Hijo unigénito, para que todo aquel que en él cree, no se pierda, mas tenga vida eterna.
John 3:16 in other translations

The Reina-Valera is a Spanish translation of the Bible originally published in 1602[1] when Cipriano de Valera revised the earlier translation produced in 1569 by Casiodoro de Reina known as the "Biblia del Oso" (in English: Bible of the Bear)[2] because the illustration on the title page showed a bear trying to reach a container of honeycombs hanging from a tree.[3] Since that date it has undergone various revisions notably those of 1909, 1960 and 1995[1] and more recently in 2011. The Reina-Valera Bible is as central to the perception of the scriptures by Protestants in Spanish as the Geneva Bible and the King James Version in English.

History

Starting point

With the help of several collaborators[4] Casiodoro de Reina, an independent Lutheran theologian,[5] produced the Biblia del Oso, the first complete Bible to be printed in Spanish (earlier translations, such as the 13th-century Alfonsina Bible—translated from Jerome's Vulgate, had been copied by hand). It was first published on September 28, 1569, in Basel, Switzerland.[6][7] The translation was based on the Hebrew Masoretic Text (Bomberg's Edition, 1525) and the Greek Textus Receptus (Stephanus' Edition, 1550). As secondary sources, de Reina used the Ferrara Bible for the Old Testament and the Latin Edition of Santes Pagnino throughout. For the New Testament, he was greatly aided by the translations of Francisco de Enzinas and Juan Pérez de Pineda. The 1569 version included the deuterocanonical books within the Old Testament.

Edition by Cipriano de Valera

In 1602 Cipriano de Valera, a student of de Reina, published a revision of the Biblia del Oso which was printed in Amsterdam in which the deuterocanonical books were placed in a section between the Old and New Testaments called the Apocrypha.[8] Among the reasons for the revision was the fact that in the intervening period words had changed their meanings or gone out of use.[9] For a time, this was known simply by de Valera's name.[10]

Further Revisions

The British and Foreign Bible Society, the American Bible Society and the United Bible Societies published a total of fifteen revisions between 1708 and 1995[10] of which those of 1909, 1960 and 1995 are the most significant today and remain in print[1] and a further revision appeared in 2011. Modern editions often omit the Apocrypha. The principle behind these revisions has been to remain as close to the original Reina-Valera as possible without causing confusion or misunderstanding.[11] Even the 1995 New Testament is based on the traditional Textus Receptus despite the fact that the United Bible Societies use modern critical Greek texts as the basis for other translations.[12] It retains the traditional form of the name of God, "Jehová" ( with the notable exceptions of the Nueva Reina Valera 1990, a 1990 revision which replaces "Jehová" with "El Eterno" and the Reina Valera Contemporánea, a 2011 revision which replaces "Jehová" with "El Señor" ) and the use of the second person plural pronoun "vosotros", which is obsolete outside Spain.[13] Apart from updating the vocabulary where necessary, its major innovations lie in the area of visual presentation: Hebrew verse is printed in a way which reflects its structure rather than as if it were prose, and while the numbering of verses has been retained the text is laid out clearly in paragraphs.[14]

Since resurgence of the King James Only movement in the United States, and its exportation to other countries, there has been much debate among Christian groups who use the Reina-Valera Bible. However, the 1960 revision became the common Bible of many millions of Spanish-speaking protestants around the world, surpassing the 1909 in its reception. Almost all Hispanic churches use it, despite further attempts to revise it.[citation needed] The Reina-Valera Bible is one of the Bible Versions authorized to be used in Spanish language services of the Episcopal Church and the Anglican Communion.[15][16]

Other revisions

  • The 1602 Purified Bible done in Monterrey, Mexico, by advocates of King James Onlyism.
  • Another Revision of the Valera Bible was made in 1865 by Dr. Ángel H. de Mora of Spain and subsequently printed by the American Bible Society. The ABS continued to reprint this Valera edition until the 1950s. It was then reprinted again in the year 2000 by Local Church Bible Publishers of Lansing, Michigan and also the Valera Bible Society of Miami, Florida.
  • The Reina-Valera-Gómez Bible, a revision of the 1909, done in Matamoros, Mexico, by advocates of King James Onlyism.[17][18]
  • The Trinitarian Bible Society, itself advocating a mild form of King James Onlyism, has been working on a revision of the Valera 1909.
  • In 2009, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons) published their first official Spanish edition of the Bible based on the 1909 Reina-Valera edition, with "a very conservative update of outdated grammar and vocabulary".[19][20]

See also

Footnotes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Anon. ¡Refrescante y más brillante que nunca! Sociedades Bíblicas Unidas (1995) p.9
  2. ↑ The facsimile reproduction was published by the Spanish Bible Society (1970 ISBN 84-8083-073-5).
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ González, Jorge A. The Reina-Valera Bible: From Dream to Reality
  5. ↑ compare: Rosales, Raymond S. Casiodoro de Reina: Patriarca del Protestantismo Hispano. St. Louis: Concordia Seminary Publications. 2002.
  6. ↑ James Dixon Douglas, Merrill Chapin Tenney (1997), Diccionario Bíblico Mundo Hispano, Editorial Mundo Hispano, pág 145.
  7. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ A facsimile edition was produced by the Spanish Bible Society: (Sagrada Biblia. Traducción de Casiodoro de Reina 1569. Revisión de Cipriano de Valera 1602. Facsímil. 1990, Sociedades Biblicas Unidas, ISBN 84-85132-72-6)]
  9. ↑ Anon. ¡Refrescante y más brillante que nunca! Sociedades Bíblicas Unidas (1995) pp. 22f
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 "Versiones castellanas de la Biblia" en Nuevo Diccionario Bíblico Ediciones Certeza (1991)
  11. ↑ Anon. ¡Refrescante y más brillante que nunca! Sociedades Bíblicas Unidas (1995) p.14
  12. ↑ Anon. ¡Refrescante y más brillante que nunca! Sociedades Bíblicas Unidas (1995) pp.19f
  13. ↑ "Presentación" near beginning of the 1995 version study edition (no page number)
  14. ↑ Anon. ¡Refrescante y más brillante que nunca! Sociedades Bíblicas Unidas (1995) pp. 51f
  15. ↑ http://www.episcopalchurch.org/library/article/general-seminary-will-host-lecture-printed-bibles
  16. ↑ The Canons of the General Convention of the Episcopal Church: Canon 2: Of Translations of the Bible
  17. ↑ compare: Here Comes Gomez
  18. ↑ compare: What About The Gomez Bible?
  19. ↑ Church Edition of Spanish Bible Now Published
  20. ↑ Santa Biblia, LDS Edition of The Holy Bible in Spanish

Further reading

  • Raymond S. Rosales. Casiodoro de Reina, patriarca del Protestantismo hispano, in Serie de monografías [de las] Publicaciones del Seminario Concordia, no. 5. Saint Louis, Mo.: Concordia Seminary Publications, 2002. ISBN 0-911770-74-7

External links

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