Renata Scotto

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Renata Scotto
Renata Scotto 1967.jpg
Scotto in 1967
Born (1934-02-24)24 February 1934
Savona, Kingdom of Italy
Died Script error: The function "death_date_and_age" does not exist.
Savona, Italy
Occupation
  • Operatic soprano
  • Opera director
  • Voice teacher
Organization

Renata Scotto (24 February 1934 – 16 August 2023) was an Italian soprano, opera director, and voice teacher. Recognised for her sense of style, her musicality, and as a remarkable singer-actress, Scotto is considered to have been one of the preeminent opera singers of her generation.

For more than 40 years, she performed in some 45 roles, first in Italy, then as a leading soprano of the Metropolitan Opera (Met). She is remembered especially for the title roles of Verdi's La traviata, performed for her stage debut in Milan in 1952, and Puccini's Madama Butterfly, which was her first role at the Met and her last there in 1987, but also for belcanto works such as Donizetti's Lucia di Lammermoor. She appeared in the first telecast from the Metropolitan Opera in 1977, as Mimi in Puccini's La bohème, alongside Luciano Pavarotti and conducted by James Levine. She later expanded her repertoire by roles such as the Marschallin in Der Rosenkavalier by Richard Strauss, Elle in Poulenc's La voix humaine, and Madame Flora in Menotti's The Medium. As opera director she worked for the Met, the Arena di Verona, and other leading opera houses.

Life and career

Scotto was born in Savona, a fishing port, on 24 February 1934. Her father was a police officer and her mother a seamstress. During World War II, her mother took her and her sister to the near-by mountains, taking sewing jobs from the fascists, the Nazis, and the Americans.[1] After the war, the girl experienced her first opera in her hometown, Verdi's Rigoletto with Tito Gobbi in the title role, and decided then, at age twelve, that she would become an opera singer.[1]

She studied music at the Milan Conservatory,[2] from age 16, living in a nuns' convent, and making a living by sewing and cleaning jobs. She studied first with Emilio Ghirardini as a mezzo-soprano.[2] She won a competition in 1952, with the prize of a debut at the Teatro Nuovo in Milan.[1] She performed the title role of Verdi's La traviata, first in her home town on Christmas Eve in front of a sold-out house. The next day, she made her 'official' opera debut at the Teatro Nuovo.[1]

Italy

In 1953, Scotto auditioned at La Scala for the role of Walter in Catalani's La Wally,[2] with Renata Tebaldi and Mario del Monaco in lead roles. After her audition, one of the judges, the conductor Victor de Sabata, was heard saying, "Forget about the rest." La Wally opened on 7 December 1953, and Scotto was called back for fifteen curtain calls while Tebaldi and Del Monaco each received seven. She was offered more supporting roles at La Scala, but rejected them in favour of performing larger roles at regional houses in Italy.[1] She appeared at the Rome Opera in 1955 as Sophie in Massenet's Werther, and at La Fenice in Venice in 1956 as Traviata, and as Micaela in Bizet's Carmen.[2] On a recommendation by tenor Alfredo Kraus she took extra voice training with Mercedes Llopart. Kraus was to become a frequent partner on stage and for recordings.[3] She was a member of the ensemble at la Scala from 1957, performing roles such as Donizetti Adina in L'elisir d'amore and Norina in Don Pasquale but was not accepted as La traviata by Franco Zeffirelli.[3]

Scotto's major breakthrough came in 1957 when she performed at the Edinburgh Festival in a La Scala production of Bellini's La Sonnambula; Maria Callas was cast as Amina, and it was so successful that the company added an unscheduled fifth performance. Callas, who was under contract for four performances, declined to perform in the added performance but allowed the La Scala management, who had announced her for the fifth performance without her consent, to explain her departure from the festival as being due to illness. Scotto, stepping in as Amina, performed on 3 September 1957, and became an international opera star at age 23.[1][4][3]

During the 1960s she became one of the leading singers in the belcanto revival initiated by Callas during the 1950s. She sang Bellini's Zaira and La straniera, Donizetti's Maria di Rohan, in Meyerbeer's Robert le diable, and in other repertoire rarities. In 1964 she performed with La Scala at the Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow, the first opera company tour to the Soviet Union during the Cold War years. In 1967 she appeared at La Scala as Giulietta in Bellini's I Capuleti e i Montecchi and as Donizetti's Lucia di Lammermoor, in 1969 as Gluck's Euridice, and in 1970 as Elena in Verdi's I vespri siciliani.[2]

United States

Scotto's American debut was as Mimì in Puccini's La bohème at the Lyric Opera of Chicago in 1960. On 13 October 1965, Scotto made her Metropolitan Opera debut as Madama Butterfly.[1] She went on to sing more than 300 performances in 26 roles there through 1987 and settled to live with her family in nearby Westchester County. When James Levine became chief conductor in 1971, she was granted several new roles in new productions.[3]

Scotto opened the series of Live from the Met telecasts in 1977 with La bohème, alongside Luciano Pavarotti.[1] She starred in the telecasts of Puccini's Manon Lescaut and Il trittico, Verdi's Luisa Miller and Don Carlo, Zandonai's Francesca da Rimini, and as Desdemona in Verdi's Otello, alongside Jon Vickers, among others.[1]

Scotto had success at the Met in Meyerbeer's Le prophète, Ponchielli's La gioconda, and as Vitellia in Mozart's La clemenza di Tito. Moving into the heavier Verdi repertoire in the 1970s, she appeared as Elisabetta in Don Carlo, Luisa Miller, Lady Macbeth, Leonora in Il trovatore, and in the Requiem, all conducted by James Levine. She is remembered as a singing actress; Plácido Domingo said in a 1978 interview: "There is an emphasis, a feeling she puts behind every word she interprets."[1]

In a 1981 performance of Bellini's Norma at the Met, some in the audience compared her to Callas, and commented during the performance; some had to be forced to leave the house. Critic Peter G. Davis noted in New York magazine: "Time and again, Scotto reminded us of her sovereign musicality, her instinctive feeling for the rhythmic life of the notes, her ability to mold finely sculpted phrases, and her sensitivity for coloring the words into emotions that instantly define a dramatic situation."[1]

In the late part of her career, Scotto took on the roles of Giordano's Fedora (Barcelona, 1988), Charlotte in Massenet's Werther, the Marschallin in Der Rosenkavalier by Richard Strauss (Charleston Spoleto Festival, 1995 and Catania), Kundry in Wagner's Parsifal (Schwerin, 1995),[5] Elle in Poulenc's La voix humaine (Maggio Musicale Fiorentino 1993, Concertgebouw, Amsterdam, and Liceu, Barcelona, 1996),[5] Madame Flora in Menotti's The Medium (Torino, 1999)[5], and Klytemnestra in Elektra by Richard Strauss (Baltimore, 2000 and Sevilla, 2002). Scotto's later concert appearances included Berlioz's Les nuits d'été, lieder by Mahler and Richard Strauss, as well as Schoenberg's Erwartung with the Accademia di Santa Cecilia Orchestra and RAI Orchestra of Torino.[5]

Stage director

Renata Scotto, 2009

When she was about to retire from the stage, Scotto turned successfully to directing opera as well;[1] she directed her last production of the Met of Madama Butterfly, becoming the first woman at the house to stage an opera and star in it. Her director credits also include productions of this opera in the Arena di Verona, Florida Grand Opera, and Palm Beach Opera), Bellini's Il pirata (Festival Belliniano, Catania, 1993) and La sonnambula (Catania, 1994); an Emmy Award-winning telecast of La traviata (New York City Opera, 1995); Norma (Finnish National Opera); Adriana Lecouvreur (Santiago, 2002); Lucia di Lammermoor (Music Hall of Thessaloniki, 2004); La Wally (Dallas Opera, Theater Bern); La bohème (Lyric Opera of Chicago, 2007 and Palm Beach Opera, 2009); Turandot (Athens, 2009); La sonnambula (Florida Grand Opera and Michigan Opera Theatre, 2008), and Verdi's Un ballo in maschera (Lyric Opera of Chicago, 2010).[5]

Scotto also taught voice in Italy and the United Dtates, along with academic posts at the Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia in Rome and the Juilliard School in New York City. She coached singers including Renée Fleming, Anna Netrebko, and Deborah Voigt.[1]

Personal life

Scotto married Lorenzo Anselmi in 1960, who had been principal violinist at La Scala, and became her manager. The couple had a daughter and a son. Her husband died in 2021.[1]

Scotto died in her home town of Savona on 16 August 2023, aged 89.[4][6][7]

Awards

Scotto won two Emmys, for the telecast of La Gioconda[5] and her direction of La traviata from NYCO.

Recordings

  • Bellini: Norma (Troyanos, Giacomini, Plishka; Levine, 1979) CBS Masterworks
  • Cherubini: Médée [in Italian] (Callas, Pirazzini, Picchi; Serafin, 1957) Ricordi/Mercury
  • Cilea: Adriana Lecouvreur (Obratzsova, Domingo, Milnes; Levine, 1977) CBS
  • Donizetti: Anna Bolena (Marsee, Ramey; Rudel, 1975) [live] Opera Depot
  • Donizetti: Lucia di Lammermoor (di Stefano, Bastianini; Sanzogno, 1959) Deutsche Grammophon
  • Giordano: Andrea Chénier (Domingo, Milnes; Levine, 1976) RCA Red Seal
  • Leoncavallo: Pagliacci (Carreras, Nurmela, Allen; Muti, 1978) EMI
  • Mascagni: Cavalleria rusticana (Domingo, Elvíra; Levine, 1978) RCA Red Seal[3]
  • Meyerbeer: Le prophète (Horne, McCracken, Hines; Lewis, 1976) CBS
  • Pergolesi: La serva padrona (Bruscantini; Fasano, p. 1960) Ricordi/Mercury
  • Puccini: La bohème (Meneguzzer, Poggi, Gobbi; Votto, 1961) Deutsche Grammophon
  • Puccini: La bohème (Neblett, Kraus, Milnes, Manuguerra, Plishka; Levine, 1979) EMI
  • Puccini: Edgar (Killebrew, Bergonzi, Sardinero; Queler, 1977) [live] CBS
  • Puccini: Madama Butterfly (Bergonzi; Barbirolli, 1966) EMI
  • Puccini: Madama Butterfly (Knight, Domingo, Wixell; Maazel, 1978) CBS
  • Puccini: Suor Angelica (Cotrubaș, Horne; Maazel, 1976) CBS
  • Puccini: Il tabarro (Knight, Domingo, Gobbi; Maazel, 1977) CBS
  • Puccini: Tosca (Domingo, Bruson; Levine, 1980) EMI[3]
  • Puccini: Turandot (Nilsson, Corelli; Molinari-Pradelli, 1965) EMI
  • Puccini: Le villi (Domingo, Nucci, Gobbi; Maazel, 1979) CBS
  • Refice: Cecilia [abridged] (Theyard; Campori, 1976) [live] VAI
  • Respighi: Il tramonto (Fulton, 1982) Vox
  • Verdi: Arias (Gavazzeni, 1975) CBS
  • Verdi: Arias (Fulton, 1983) Hungaroton
  • Verdi: Complete Songs (Washington, Scalera, 1989) [live] Nuovo Era
  • Verdi: Nabucco (Luchetti, Manuguerra, Ghiaurov; Muti, 1977–78) EMI[3]
  • Verdi: Otello (Domingo, Milnes; Levine, 1978) RCA Red Seal
  • Verdi: Requiem (Baltsa, Luchetti, Nesterenko; Muti, 1978) EMI
  • Verdi: Rigoletto (Kraus, Bastianini; Gavazzeni, 1960) Deutsche Grammophon[3]
  • Verdi: Rigoletto (Cossotto, Bergonzi, Fischer-Dieskau; Kubelík, 1964) Deutsche Grammophon
  • Verdi: La traviata (G.Raimondi, Bastianini; Votto, 1962) Deutsche Grammophon
  • Verdi: La traviata (Kraus, Bruson; Muti, 1980) EMI[3]
  • Wolf-Ferrari: Il segreto di Susanna (Bruson; Pritchard, 1980) CBS
  • Christmas with Renata Scotto at St Patrick's Cathedral (Grady; Anselmi, 1981) RCA/VAI
  • French Arias (Rosekrans, 1987) Hungaroton
  • The French Album - II (Rosekrans, 1988) Hungaroton
  • In Duet (Freni; Anselmi/Magiera, 1978) Decca
  • Italian Opera Arias (Gavazzeni, 1974) CBS
  • Live in Paris (I.Davis, 1983) Etcetera [live]
  • Romantic Opera Duets (Domingo; Adler, 1978) CBS
  • Serenata (Atkins, c. 1977) CBS

Videos

  • Massenet: Werther (Kraus, Sardinero; Guingal, De Tomasi, 1987) [live]
  • Puccini: La bohème [as Mimì] (Niska, Pavarotti, Wixell, Plishka, Tajo; Levine, Melano, 1977) [live]
  • Puccini: La bohème [as Musetta] (Stratas, Carreras, Stilwell, Morris; Levine, Zeffirelli, 1982) [live]
  • Puccini: Manon Lescaut (Domingo, Elvíra, Capecchi; Levine, Menotti, 1980) [live]
  • Puccini: Il trittico (Norden, Taillon, Moldoveanu, Creech, MacNeil, Bacquier; Levine, Melano, 1981) [live]
  • Verdi: Don Carlos [in Italian] (Troyanos, Moldoveanu, Milnes, Plishka, Hines; Levine, Dexter, 1980) [live]
  • Verdi: Luisa Miller (Kraft, Domingo, Milnes, Giaiotti, Morris; Levine, Merrill, 1979) [live]
  • Verdi: Otello (Vickers, MacNeil; Levine, Zeffirelli, 1978) [live]
  • Zandonai: Francesca da Rimini (Rom, Domingo, MacNeil, Levine, Faggioni, 1984) [live]
  • "Live in Budapest" (Lukács, 1991) [live]
  • Tokyo Recital (Fulton, 1984) [live]

Publications

  • Scotto: More Than a Diva (memoir) by Renata Scotto and Octavio Roca, Doubleday & Company, Inc, 1984. ISBN 0-385-18039-X
  • Konrad Dryden: Riccardo Zandonai, A Biography, Foreword by Renata Scotto, Peter Lang Inc, 1999. ISBN 0-8204-3649-6

References

  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

External links

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