Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge

Richard of Conisburgh
3rd Earl of Cambridge
180px
Earl of Cambridge
Predecessor	Edward of Norwich, 2nd Duke of York
Born	c. 20 July 1375 Conisburgh Castle, Yorkshire
Died	5 August 1415 (aged 40) Southampton, Hampshire
Spouse	Anne de Mortimer (m. 1408–11; her death) Maud Clifford (m. after 1411-15; his death)
Issue	Isabel of Cambridge, Countess of Essex Henry of York Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York
House	York
Father	Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York
Mother	Isabella of Castile

Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge (c. 20 July 1375 – 5 August 1415) was the second son of Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York, and Isabella of Castile. At the age of forty, he was beheaded for his part in the Southampton Plot, a conspiracy against King Henry V. He was the father of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York, and the grandfather of King Edward IV and King Richard III.

Early life

Richard was born about 20 July 1375 at Conisbrough Castle, Yorkshire, the second son of Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York, and his first wife, Isabella of Castille. On his father's side, he was the grandson of King Edward III and Philippa of Hainault, and on his mother's side, the grandson of Peter the Cruel, King of Castile and Leon, and his favourite mistress, María de Padilla (d.1361). His godfather was King Richard II. Richard was two years younger than his brother, Edward.

Strangely, Richard received no lands from his father and was mentioned neither in his father's will nor his brother's will. This circumstance has been taken by G.L. Harriss as an indication that Richard's father and brother did not recognize him as a full blood relative, and that he may have been the child of an illicit liaison between his mother and John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter.

Although Edmund of Langley made no provision for Richard in his will of 25 November 1400, his mother Isabella named King Richard II as her heir before her death on 23 December 1392 and requested him to grant her younger son an annuity of 500 marks. The king complied. On 3 February 1393, he provided his godson with an annuity of £100 from the revenues in Yorkshire that Isabella had formerly received, and on 16 March 1393, he provided him with a further annuity of £233 6s 8d from the Exchequer. According to T. B. Pugh, further largess from the king might have been expected when Richard came of age, however Richard II was deposed in 1399. According to G. L. Harriss, Richard of York 'received no favours from the new King, Henry IV'. After Henry IV's accession, Richard's annuities, his sole source of income, were either paid irregularly, or not paid at all.

From April 1403 to October 1404, Richard commanded a small force defending Herefordshire against the Welsh rebel leader Owain Glyndŵr, but otherwise performed no notable military service. However, it was during this period, according to T. B. Pugh, that Richard established the relationships with the Mortimer and Cherleton families that brought about his marriage to Anne de Mortimer. Richard's only other significant appointment during this period came in August 1406 when, together with the Bishop of Bath, Lord Fitz Hugh, and Lord Scrope, he was chosen to escort King Henry's daughter Philippa to Denmark for her marriage to King Eric. Richard was knighted in July of that year, perhaps in anticipation of this embassy. Pugh notes that during this three-month embassy to Denmark, Richard would have become well acquainted with Lord Scrope, who married Richard's stepmother Joan Holland in September 1411, and with whom Richard later became involved in the Southampton Plot of 1415 that cost them both their lives.

Southampton Plot

In the Parliament of 1414, Richard was created Earl of Cambridge, a title formerly held by his elder brother, Edward, 2nd Duke of York, who had earlier ceased to be Earl of Cambridge either by resignation or deprivation of the title.

Richard's creation as Earl of Cambridge in 1414 however brought with it no accompanying grant of lands, and according to Harriss, Cambridge was 'the poorest of the earls' who were to set out on Henry V's invasion of France. As a result, he lacked the resources to equip himself properly for the expedition. Perhaps partly for this reason, Cambridge conspired with Lord Scrope and Sir Thomas Grey to depose King Henry and place his late wife Anne's brother Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March, on the throne. On 31 July, Mortimer revealed the plot to the king. Later, he served on the commission that condemned Cambridge to death. Although Cambridge pleaded with the king for clemency, he was beheaded on 5 August 1415 and buried in the chapel of God's House at Southampton. The fleet set sail for France a few days later, on 11 August 1415.

The Southampton Plot is dramatised in Shakespeare's Henry V, and in the anonymous play, The History of Sir John Oldcastle.

Legacy

Although Cambridge's title was forfeited, he was not attainted, and his four-year-old son Richard was his heir. Within three months, Cambridge's elder brother, Edward of Norwich, 2nd Duke of York, was slain at Agincourt, and Cambridge's four-year-old son was eventually inherited his uncle's titles and estates as well as his father's.

In the parliament of 1461, King Edward IV had the sentence that had been passed on his grandfather, Richard, Earl of Cambridge, annulled as 'irregular and unlawful'.

Marriages and issue

Early in 1408 Richard married Anne de Mortimer, the eldest of the four children of Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March, and Eleanor Holland. Anne was a niece of Richard's stepmother Joan Holland.

The marriage took place secretly, without parental consent, and was validated on 23 May 1408 by papal dispensation. It brought Richard no financial benefit, since Anne's only income was an annuity of £50 granted for her maintenance by Henry IV in 1406.

By his first wife, Cambridge had two sons and a daughter:

• Isabel of York (1409 – 2 October 1484), who in 1412, at three years of age, was betrothed to Sir Thomas Grey, son and heir of Sir Thomas Grey of Heaton in Norham, Northumberland, and his wife, Alice Neville, the daughter of Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland, by whom she had one son. Before 25 April 1426, Isabel married secondly Henry Bourchier, 1st Earl of Essex, by whom she had seven sons and one daughter. This marriage was later validated by papal dispensation.

• Henry of York.

• Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York (21 September 1411 – 30 December 1460), who married Cecily Neville, the youngest daughter of Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland, by whom he had twelve children: Anne of York, Duchess of Exeter; Henry; King Edward IV; Edmund, Earl of Rutland; Elizabeth of York, Duchess of Suffolk; Margaret of York, Duchess of Burgundy; William; John; George, Duke of Clarence; Thomas; King Richard III; and Ursula.

Anne de Mortimer died on 21 September 1411 soon after the birth of her son Richard. She was buried at Kings Langley, Hertfordshire, once the site of Kings Langley Palace, perhaps in the conventual church which houses the tombs of her husband's father Edmund and his first wife Isabella of Castile.

After the death of Anne de Mortimer, Cambridge married Maud Clifford, the divorced wife of John Neville, 6th Baron Latimer, and daughter of Thomas de Clifford, 6th Baron de Clifford, by Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas de Ros, 4th Baron de Ros, of Helmsley. The issue of this marriage was Alice, who married Thomas Musgrave.

After Cambridge's death in 1415, his second wife, Maud Clifford, is said to have lived in 'great state' at Conisbrough Castle and elsewhere. She died on 26 August 1446 and was buried at Roche Abbey, Yorkshire. She left a will dated 15 August 1446 in which no mention is made of her stepchildren.

Arms

Arms of Richard, Earl of Cambridge

Richard bore the arms of the kingdom, differenced by a bordure Leon.

References

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External links

• For the Cambridge conspiracy in The History of Sir John Oldcastle, see [1]
• Burke's Peerage Retrieved 9 December 2011.

Ancestry

Family of Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge

16. Edward I of England               8. Edward II of England                       17. Eleanor of Castile               4. Edward III of England                             18. Philip IV of France               9. Isabella of France                       19. Joan I of Navarre               2. Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York                                   20. John II, Count of Holland               10. William I, Count of Hainaut                       21. Philippa of Luxembourg               5. Philippa of Hainault                             22. Charles of Valois               11. Joan of Valois                       23. Marguerite of Anjou and Maine               1. Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge                                         24. Ferdinand IV of Castile               12. Alfonso XI of Castile                       25. Constance of Portugal               6. Pedro of Castile                             26. Afonso IV of Portugal               13. Maria of Portugal                       27. Beatrice of Castile               3. Isabella of Castile                                   28. García de Padilla               14. Juan García de Padilla, 1st Lord of Villagera                       29. Leonor de Vera               7. María de Padilla                             30. Fernán Gonzalez de Henestrosa, señor de Alcañices               15. María Fernández de Henestrosa                       31. Aldonza Ramírez de Silva

Peerage of England
Preceded by Edward of Norwich, 2nd Earl, 2nd Duke of York	Earl of Cambridge 1414–1415	Attainted