Roddy McCorley
Roddy McCorley (died 28 February 1800)[1] was an Irish Republican and Presbyterian from the civil parish of Duneane, County Antrim.[1] He was a member of the radical United Irishmen and claimed as a participant in their rebellion of 1798.
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Early years and the 1798 rebellion
Roddy McCorley was the son of a miller and was born near Toome in the parish of Duneane, County Antrim. A few years before the 1798 rebellion McCorley's father is believed to have been executed for stealing sheep.[2] These charges may have been politically motivated in an attempt to remove a troublesome agitator at a time of great social unrest.[2] Following his father's execution, his family were evicted from their home.[3]
There is uncertainty as to whether McCorley actually joined the predominantly Presbyterian United Irishmen or the predominantly Catholic Defenders.[3] McCorley's role in the 1798 rebellion itself is unclear. In a poem written 100 years after the rebellion by Ethne Carbery, he is claimed to have been one of the leaders of the United Irishmen at the Battle of Antrim, however there is no documentary evidence to support this claim or prove that he even took part at all.[2]
Archer's Gang and capture
After the rebellion, McCorley joined the notorious Archer's Gang made up of former rebels.[3] Some of these men had been British soldiers who changed sides in the conflict, and as such were guilty of treason and thus exempt from the terms imposed on the United Irishmen.[3] This meant that they were always on the run in an attempt to evade capture.[3] This "quasi-rebel" group were claimed to have attacked loyalists and participated in common crime.[4] It is believed that McCorley was caught whilst trying to emigrate to America, having been betrayed by an informer.[3]
Death
After McCorley was arrested he was tried by court martial in Ballymena and sentenced to be hanged "near the Bridge of Toome",[1] modern day Toome in the parish of Duneane. His execution occurred on 28 February 1800.[1] This bridge had been partially destroyed by rebels in 1798 to prevent the arrival of loyalist reinforcements from west of the River Bann.[citation needed]
His body was then dismembered and buried under the gallows, on the main Antrim to Derry road.[5][6] A letter published in the Belfast Newsletter a few days after McCorley's execution gave an account of the execution and how McCorley was viewed by some. In it he is called Roger McCorley, which may be his proper Christian name.[4]
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Upon Friday last, a most awful procession took place here, namely the execution of Roger McCorley who was lately convicted at a court-martial, to the place of execution, Toome Bridge, the unfortunate man having been born in that neighbourhood.
As a warning to others, it is proper to observe that the whole of his life was devoted to disorderly proceedings of every kind, for many years past, scarcely a Quarter-sessions occurred but what the name of Roger McCorley appeared in a variety of criminal cases.
His body was given up to dissection and afterwards buried under the gallows…thus of late we have got rid of six of those nefarious wretches who have kept this neighbourhood in the greatest misery for some time past, namely, Stewart, Dunn, Ryan, McCorley, Caskey and the notorious Dr. Linn. The noted Archer will soon be in our Guard-room.[5]
In 1852, McCorley's nephew Hugh McCorley was appointed foreman of construction of a new bridge across the River Bann at Toome. Hugh made plans to recover his uncle's body and on 29 June 1852, buried him in an unmarked grave at Duneane parish graveyard.[6]
His great-grandson, Roger McCorley, was an officer in the Irish Republican Army in the Irish War of Independence 1919–1921.[7]
In popular culture
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Despite being hardly mentioned in Presbyterian folklore and the scant evidence of McCorley's actual role in the United Irishmen rebellion,[1][4] he is claimed by A. T. Q. Stewart as being a major figure in nationalist martyrology due to a song by Ethna Carbery called "Roddy McCorley", written in the 1890s.[1]
It was repopularised by The Clancy Brothers and Tommy Makem, The Dubliners, The Kingston Trio, and others during the folk music revival of the 1960s, and recorded in 1995 by Shane MacGowan and The Popes for their album The Snake. Heather Dale recorded a version for her 2006 album The Hidden Path.[citation needed] The melody for "Roddy McCorley" was reused in 1957 for "Sean South", about a failed operation that year during the IRA's "Border Campaign".[8]
An account of McCorley's career, Who Fears to Speak of '98?, was written by the Belfast antiquary and nationalist Francis Joseph Biggar. It contains an edited version of an early 19th century ballad about Roddy McCorley's fate.[9]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Roddy McCorley, Belfast Newsletter
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Belfast Newsletter: Extract from a letter from Ballymena, Sunday 2 March 1800.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Robert Lynch, The Northern IRA and the Early Years of Partition, p71
- ↑ 50 Great Irish Fighting Songs, Music Ireland, 2005
- ↑ Biggar, Francis Joseph: «Who fears to speak of '98?», The Irish News and Belfast Morning News; Friday 9 August 1907
- A. T. Q. Stewart The Summer Soldiers: The 1798 Rebellion in Antrim and Down, (Belfast: Blackstaff, 1995). ISBN 0-85640-558-2.
- "Account of the capture of the Archer Gang", The Belfast News-Letter, March 1800
