Roman ring

This article is about the physics concept. For the gymnastics apparatus, see Rings (gymnastics).

A Roman ring, in theoretical physics, is a configuration of wormholes where no subset of wormholes is near to chronology violation, though the combined system can be arbitrarily close to chronology violation.

For example, an Earth-Moon wormhole whose far end is 0.5 seconds in the "past" will not violate causality, since information sent to the far end via the wormhole and back through normal space will still arrive back on Earth (-0.5 + 1) = 0.5 seconds after it was transmitted; but an additional wormhole in the other direction will allow information to arrive back on Earth 1 second before it was transmitted (time travel).

Semiclassical approaches to incorporating quantum effects into general relativity seem to show that the chronology protection conjecture postulated by physicist Stephen Hawking fails to prevent the formation of such rings, although some experts such as Matt Visser feel that there are reasons to think the semiclassical approach is unreliable here, and that a full theory of quantum gravity will likely uphold chronology protection.

File:Roman ring with one wormhole.png

A wormhole with no CTC

File:Roman ring with two wormholes.png

A Roman ring with two wormholes

File:Roman ring with four wormholes.png

A Roman ring with four wormholes