Rosales

Rosales
Two rose plants, Rosa cinnamomea L. and R. rubiginosa L.
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Rosids
Order:	Rosales Bercht. & J.Presl
Families
Barbeyaceae Cannabaceae (hemp family) Dirachmaceae Elaeagnaceae (oleaster/Russian olive family) Moraceae (mulberry family) Rhamnaceae (buckthorn family) Rosaceae (rose family) Ulmaceae (elm family) Urticaceae (nettle family)
Synonyms
Rhamnales Rosanae Urticales

For other uses, see Rosales (disambiguation).

Rosales is an order of flowering plants. It is sister to a clade consisting of Fagales and Cucurbitales. It contains about 7700 species, distributed into about 260 genera. Rosales comprise nine families, the type family being the rose family, Rosaceae. The largest of these families are Rosaceae (90/2500) and Urticaceae (54/2600). The order Rosales is divided into three clades that have never been assigned a taxonomic rank. The basal clade consists of the family Rosaceae; another clade consists of four families, including Rhamnaceae; and the third clade consists of the four urticalean families.

The order Rosales is strongly supported as monophyletic in phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences, such as those carried out by members of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. In their APG III system of plant classification, they defined Rosales as consisting of the nine families listed in the box on the right. The relationships of these families were uncertain until 2011, when they were resolved in a molecular phylogenetic study based on two nuclear genes and ten chloroplast genes.

Well-known members of Rosales include: roses, strawberries, blackberries and raspberries, apples and pears, plums, peaches and apricots, almonds, rowan and hawthorn, jujube, elms, banyans, figs, mulberries, breadfruit, nettles, hops, and cannabis.

Cronquist system

In the obsolete Cronquist system, the order Rosales was many times polyphyletic. It consisted of the family Rosaceae and 23 other families that are now placed in various other orders. These families and their placement in the APG III system are:

• Alseuosmiaceae (Asterales)
• Anisophylleaceae (Cucurbitales)
• Brunelliaceae (Oxalidales)
• Bruniaceae (Bruniales)
• Byblidaceae (Lamiales)
• Cephalotaceae (Oxalidales)
• Chrysobalanaceae (Malpighiales)
• Columelliaceae (Bruniales)
• Connaraceae (Oxalidales)
• Crassulaceae (Saxifragales)
• Crossosomataceae (Crossosomatales)
• Cunoniaceae (Oxalidales)
• Davidsoniaceae (Cunoniaceae, Oxalidales)
• Dialypetalanthaceae (Rubiaceae, Gentianales)
• Eucryphiaceae (Cunoniaceae, Oxalidales)
• Greyiaceae (Melianthaceae, Geraniales)
• Grossulariaceae (Saxifragales)
• Hydrangeaceae (Cornales)
• Neuradaceae (Malvales)
• Pittosporaceae (Apiales)
• Rhabdodendraceae (Caryophyllales)
• Rosaceae
• Saxifragaceae (Saxifragales)
• Surianaceae (Fabales)

Phylogeny

The following phylogenetic tree is from a cladistic analysis of DNA that was published in 2011.

Rosales	Rosaceae Rhamnaceae Elaeagnaceae Barbeyaceae Dirachmaceae  urticalean rosids   Ulmaceae Cannabaceae Moraceae Urticaceae

External links

• Media related to at Wikimedia Commons
• Data related to Rosales at Wikispecies
• Rosales At: Trees At: Angiosperm Phylogeny Website At: Missouri Botanical Garden Website
• Rosales – Plant Life Forms

• Peter F. Stevens (2001 onwards). "Rosales". At: Trees At: Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. At: Missouri Botanical Garden Website. (see External links below)
• Douglas E. Soltis, et alii. (28 authors). 2011. "Angiosperm Phylogeny: 17 genes, 640 taxa". American Journal of Botany 98(4):704-730. doi:10.3732/ajb.1000404
• Walter S. Judd, Christopher S. Campbell, Elizabeth A. Kellogg, Peter F. Stevens, and Michael J. Donoghue. 2008. Plant Systematics: A Phylogenetic Approach, Third Edition. Sinauer Associates: Sunderland, MA, USA. ISBN 978-0-87893-407-2
• Arthur John Cronquist. 1981. An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants. Columbia University Press: New York, NY, USA. ISBN 978-0-231-03880-5