Russian propaganda
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Russian propaganda refers to a form of biased communication, aimed at promoting views, perceptions or agendas of the government of Russia. In its contemporary form, it includes psychological warfare,[citation needed], online technologies[1][2] and the relevant authorities and institutions under the guise of public information, targeting the population of Russia and Russian-speaking countries of post-Soviet space, as well as the Russian-speaking diaspora.[3][unreliable source?] Also a subject of the Russian propaganda is the foreign language population in the US, EU, Arab countries and others.[4]
Propaganda in Russia is always used in tandem with censorship: caesura cuts off all dissent, propaganda makes people think in accordance with the interests and objectives of the ruling elite.[5][6][unreliable source?]
Contents
History
Pre-1917
Patriotic posters were produced in Russia during World War I and initially tended to focus upon charitable themes such as Leonid Pasternak's "Wounded Soldier" which solicited aid for casualties. The first official propaganda posters of the Russian government were produced in 1916 to support its sale of war bonds to finance the war.[7]
Propaganda in the Soviet Union
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Contemporary propaganda
Anti-Ukrainian and anti-Western propaganda are key themes of the Kremlin information campaigns. During the third term of the presidency of Vladimir Putin, in connection with the Ukrainian crisis, the Russian propaganda evolved into a full-fledged information war, to gain popular support for actions against Ukraine. According to Mykola Riabchuk, Ukrainian journalist and political analyst: "Three major narratives emerged that can be summed up as 'Ukraine's borders are artificial', 'Ukraine's society is deeply divided', and 'Ukrainian institutions are irreparably dysfunctional'," thus needing "external, apparently Russian, guardianship."[8]
- During a congressional hearing, Leon Aron, director of Russian studies at the American Enterprise Institute, described the Russian-sponsored TV network Russia Today as not only promoting the Russian "brand", but aiming to "devalue the ideas of democratic transparency and responsibility, undermine the belief in the reliability of public information and fill the airwaves with half-truths". He described Russian state propaganda as "aggressive, often subtle, and effective in its use of the Internet".[9]
- Peter Pomerantsev, a TV producer, in his book Nothing Is True and Everything Is Possible, argues that the propaganda's goals are not to convince, as in the classical propaganda, but to make an information field "dirty" so people would trust nobody,[10] but his book does not answer the question why the Kremlin chooses to deploy the propaganda so forcefully.[11]
See also
References
- ↑ The readers' editor on… pro-Russia trolling below the line on Ukraine stories, The Guardian, 4 May 2014
- ↑ Максимальный ретвит: Лайки на Запад ("Maximum Retweet: 'Likes' for the West") Vedomosti, 21 May 2014
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- ↑ Review: ‘Nothing Is True and Everything Is Possible,’ by Peter Pomerantsev, The New York Times, November 2014
External links
- Общественное мнение против Путина ("Public opinion is anti-Putin"), article by Russian sociologist Igor Eidman
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