Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Mission Indians

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Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Mission Indians
Samala
Total population
(154 enrolled members[1])
Regions with significant populations
 United States ( California)
Languages
English,[2] historically Ineseño
Related ethnic groups
other Chumash people

The Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Mission Indians is a federally recognized tribe of Chumash, an indigenous people of California, in Santa Barbara.[3] Their name for themselves is Samala.[4]

Government

The Santa Ynez Band is headquartered in Santa Ynez, California. They are governed by a democratically elected, five-member tribal council. Their current tribal administration is as follows:

  • Chairperson: Vincent Armenta
  • Vice Chairperson: Kenneth Kahn
  • Secretary/Treasurer: Gary Pace
  • Business Committee Member: Mike Lopez
  • Business Committee Member: Maxine Littlejohn.[5]

Reservation

The Santa Ynez Indian Reservation (Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.) is the only Chumash reservation.[2] It was 127-acres large and was established on 27 December 1901.[3] Beginning in 1979, the tribe established a housing program and began improving the infrastructure on the reservation.[6]

Samala Chumash language

The last native speaker of the Samala Chumash language, also called Ineseño, died in 1965. As of 2010, there has been a renaissance of Chumash pride and identity, including efforts to revive Samala and other Chumash languages.

In the early 1900s linguist/ethnographer John P. Harrington worked with Maria Solares, one of the last fluent speakers of Samala. He created manuscripts containing information on Chumash language, culture, and traditions. Dr. Richard Applegate, who received a Ph.D. in linguistics from U.C. Berkeley, used these manuscripts to write an extensive grammar of Samala and compile a dictionary of the language, which was released in 2008.[7] Dr. Applegate and Nakia Zavalla, the Cultural Director for the Santa Ynez Band of Chumash and a direct descendant of Maria Solares, have begun an effort to revitalize the language. Applegate began teaching Samala in 2003, and Zavalla has spearheaded an immersion-based language apprentice program.[8] As of 2008, Applegate had five language apprentices; however, none had yet reached full fluency.[9]

An online Samala Chumash tutorial is available.[10]

Economic development

The Santa Ynez Band owns and operate the Chumash Casino and Resort, as well as the Chumash Cafe, The Willows restaurant, and the Creekside Buffet, all in Santa Ynez, California. There has been multiple lawsuits against the Chumash in recent years, including a suit that was filed April 3, 2015 that claims the property where they are building their 12 story high rise hotel/casino is not part of their "Federal Tribal Trust Land" and has never been.[11]

Notes

  1. ↑ "Our Tribal Community." Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Indians. Retrieved 6 June 2012
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Chumash Indians." SDSU: California Indians and Their Reservations. Retrieved 6 June 2012.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Pritzker 122
  4. ↑ "Maria Solares." The Chumash Languages. Retrieved 6 June 2012.
  5. ↑ "Business Committee." Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Indians. 2012. 6 June 2012.
  6. ↑ "Santa Ynez Reservation." Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Indians. 2012. 6 June 2012.
  7. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ "Chumash Casino Santa Ynez." 500 Nations. Retrieved 6 June 2012.

References

  • Pritzker, Barry M. A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. ISBN 978-0-19-513877-1

External links

 This article incorporates public domain material from the National Park Service document "Bringing Back the Samala Chumash Language".

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