Santi Sergio e Bacco

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File:Ss. Sergio e Bacco exterior.JPG
Façade of the church of Santi Sergio e Bacco.

Santi Sergio e Bacco is a Catholic church of the Byzantine Rite in the rione of Monti in Rome, Italy, located in Piazza Madonna dei Monti. Saints Sergius and Bacchus are said to have been early fourth-century Roman military officers and Christian martyrs buried in Syria. In the 9th century the church was known as Sergius and Bacchus in Callinico, in the Middle Ages as Sergius and Bacchus de Suburra, and from the 18th century has been known as the church of Madonna del Pascolo.

Since 1970 it has been a national church of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church in Rome and is now known officially as the "Parish of Ukrainian Catholics of Madonna del Pascolo and Saints Sergius and Bacchus."

Early churches of Sts. Sergius and Bacchus in Rome

The Liber Pontificalis attests four institutes in Rome by the ninth century dedicated to Sts. Sergius and Bacchus, such was the popularity of these saints, though sometimes unclearly as to which one is meant:[1]

Original 9th-century church

The first unambiguous references to the predecessor of the church in Monti are to an "oratory of Sts. Sergius and Bacchus which is located in Callinico," to which Pope Leo III (795‑816) gave gifts (LP 98.24, 98.78), and the "monastery of Christ’s holy martyrs Sergius and Bacchus called Callinicum" to which Pope Benedict III (855‑858) gave silver gifts including two chalices, a paten and incense boat (LP 106.26). Callinicum is a city in Syria. The ninth century monastery was under the authority of St. Paul’s Outside the Walls. [4] [5]

In the eleventh century the monastery was populated by Benedictine monks, known in the Catalogue of Turin as the "Church of St. Sergius in Suburra."[5] Suburra is an ancient and modern name of the neighborhood.

A bull of 1045 of Pope Gregory VI (1045-6) put under the authority of the monastery of St. Peter of Perugia "the monastery of St. Sergius, which is called Canelicum, situated in the fourth region of Rome in the Subura, with the church of St. Euphemia located near it."[5] Canelicum is evidently a scribal metathesis for Callinicum and should not be taken as another name for the monastery. Monti is here being referred to by the Augustan region number.

In 1413 Sts. Sergius and Bacchus became no longer a monastery as an archpriest and secular clerics replaced the Benedictine abbot and monks. By 1500 there were two chapels in the church, one to S. Angelo and one to S. Nicolò, built by two families from Monti, the Paulelli and the dello Ciuoto.[4] [6]

17th century

File:Falda Sergio e Bacco.jpg
Santi Sergio e Bacco in Piazza Madonna dei Monti from Giovanni Battista Falda Le fontane di Roma (about 1670)
File:Doorway Sergio e Bacco.JPG
Early 17th century doorway.

When the church of Sts. Sergius and Bacchus in the Roman Forum was suppressed as a cardinal deaconry in 1587 and the church demolished, it was succeeded by a renovated Sts. Sergius and Bacchus in Monti. In 1622 it was entrusted by Pope Gregory XV (1621–23) to the Minim Friars of St. Francis of Paola who soon left it when they moved to another church near San Pietro in Vincoli.[4][6] The church was renovated under Pope Urban VIII (1623–44), through the patronage of his younger brother, Capuchin Cardinal Antonio Marcello Barberini (1569-1646, cardinal from 1624). [4] [6] Above the travertine doorway, the only part of the seventeenth century façade surviving today, is an inscription that records this work:

FECIT ANTONIUS BARBERINI CARDINALIS SANCTI ONOPHRII
IN HONOREM SS. SERGII ET BACCHI

Cardinal Antonio Barberini, titular of Sant'Onofrio al Gianicolo,
in honor of Saints Sergius and Bacchus did this work.

In 1641, Urban VIII granted the church to monks of the Order of Saint Basil the Great, the Ruthenian Monks of St. Basil as they were known, who established a college there.[6] It has been a church of the Byzantine rite associated with the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church ever since.

18th century

File:Vasi Sergio e Bacco.jpg
Santi Sergio e Bacco in Piazza Madonna dei Monti from Giuseppe Vasi, Vedute di Roma (1746-1761).
File:Madonna del Pascolo, Ss. Sergio e Bacco, Rome.jpg
The Madonna del Pascolo.

In 1718 an icon of Madonna and child is said to have been discovered under the plaster of a wall in the adjacent sacristy building and the next year it was removed and installed above the main altar of Sts. Sergius and Bacchus at the order of Pope Clement XI (1700–21). The icon is a copy of an icon venerated at a Marian shrine in Zyrowice, a town now in Belarus, known as Our Lady of Zyrowice or Our Lady of the Pasture. That icon is said to have miraculously descended from the heavens in 1480 in the sight of a group of shepherds pasturing their animals. Sts. Sergius and Bacchus in Rome has thereafter also been called Madonna del Pascolo (Madonna of the Pasture).[7][8]

After initial design by Francesco Ferrari in the first years of the 18th century, reconstruction and redecoration of the church was undertaken from 1741 in honor of the image of the Madonna and the interior received the appearance it has today. Behind a modern wrought iron iconostasis, the high altar is set off by two fluted columns of verde antico marble with bronze Corinthian capitals designed by Filippo Barigioni (1690 –1753), a Roman artist who did other projects for Clement XI. On either side of the main altar are paintings by the Bavarian Ignazio Stern (1680-1748), one of Sts. Sergius and Bacchus and one of St. Basil. On the ceiling is an Assumption, including Sts. Sergius and Bacchus in glory, by Sebastiano Ceccarini (Italian, 1703-1783). [6] [9]

Romanian Greek Catholic Inocenţiu Micu-Klein, Bishop of Blaj, died in Rome September 23, 1768, was buried at Santi Sergio e Bacco, and was remembered by memorial plaques in the church in Latin and Romanian. His remains rested there until 1997 when they were transferred to Holy Trinity Cathedral in Blaj, as he had wished.

Jordan Mickiewicz, superior of the Ruthenian monks of St. Basil, in 1819 recorded by inscription that Pope Pius VII (1800–23) in 1801 solemnly venerated the Madonna del Pascolo, which Clement XI had installed here.

File:Ss. Sergio e Bacco interior.jpg
Interior of the church.

Late 19th and 20th century

In 1897, Pope Leo XIII (1878-1903) reorganized the Byzantine Rite Greek Pontifical College in Rome and established a Ruthenian Pontifical College, assigning to it the church of Sts. Sergius and Bacchus.[10] On this occasion, Leo remodeled the façade, giving it the form it has today. Added were four niches with statues of the four Great Doctors of the Eastern Church: Sts. John Chrysostom, Basil, Gregory of Nazianzus, and Athanasius. [6]

The middle inscription on the façade records this work:

LEO XIII PONTIFEX MAXIMUS INSTAURANDUM CURAVIT ANNO DOMINI MDCCCLXXXXVI

Below the inscription are the coats of arms of Pope Leo XIII on the left and of the Order of St. Basil on the right.

In 1970, among several Ukrainian Catholic institutions he founded in Rome, Ukrainian Catholic Major Archbishop Cardinal Josyf Slipyj established Sts. Sergius and Bacchus as a Ukrainian national parish and the attached college and dormitory next door became a guest hotel for Ukrainian pilgrims.[11] The upper inscription on the façade records the work done in 1969-73:

RESTITUIT ET RESTAURAVIT IOSEPH CARDINALIS SLIPYI ANNO MCMLXIX MCMLXXIII

Cardinal Slipyj’s coat of arms was also added to the tympanum of the uppermost pediment.

Temporarily from 1971, the church’s buildings hosted the Museum of Art of the Ukrainian Catholic University in Rome.[12] Through the 1980s, the chancery in exile of the Primate of the Ukrainian Catholic Church was located at Sts. Sergius and Bacchus. Through the last years of Cardinal Slipyj, who died in 1984 aged 92, and the years of Myroslav Ivan Lubachivsky, who was appointed Slipyj’s coadjutor bishop as Archbishop of Lviv in 1979, succeeded him at his death, and was made cardinal in 1985, the chancery was a central point in the West for contact with the underground Ukrainian Catholic Church in Ukraine and for advocating religious freedom under the Soviets, particularly at the time of Mikhail Gorbachev’s policy of perestroika. Lubachivsky returned from exile to Lviv in 1991.[13]

The church and its guest accommodation hosted celebrations for the installation as Cardinal of Lubomyr Husar in 2001, Major Archbishop of Kyiv-Halychyna.[14]

The guest hotel, named St. Sophia, is conducted by a community of Ukrainian Greek Catholic nuns, the Sisters Catechists of Saint Anne.

Cardinal deacons of Sts. Sergius and Bacchus in the Roman Forum

Sts. Sergius and Bacchus in the Roman Forum was a cardinal deaconry from 678 to its suppression in 1587. Its cardinal deacons included:[15]

References

  1. ↑ David Woods, "Sources for Cult of Ss. Sergius and Bacchus"
  2. ↑ Rodolfo Amedeo Lanciani The ruins and excavations of ancient Rome: a companion book for students and travelers (Boston and New York 1897), 280.
  3. ↑ Amanda Claridge, Rome (Oxford University Press 1998), 65.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Mariano Armellini Le Chiese di Roma dal secolo IV al XIX (Rome 1891) [1]
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Christian Hülsen Le Chiese di Roma nel Medio Evo, cataloghi ed appvnti (Florence 1927) [2]
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 Università RomaTre, "Madonna del Pascolo"
  7. ↑ Ignazio Kulczynski, OSBX Il diaspro prodigioso di tre colori, ovvero narrazione istorica delle tre immagini miracolose della Beata Vergine Maria, la prima di Zyrowice in Lituania, la seconda del Pascolo in Roma, e la terza copia della seconda parimenti in Zyrowice, detta da quei popoli Romana (Rome 1832).
  8. ↑ Alphonse Guépin, Saint Josaphat, archevêque de Polock, et l'Église grecque unie en Pologne (1874)
  9. ↑ Filippo Titi, Descrizione delle Pitture, Sculture e Architetture esposte in Roma (Rome 1763) [3]
  10. ↑ Benigni, Umberto, "Roman Colleges," The Catholic Encyclopedia (1912) [4]
  11. ↑ infoukes.com, "Year of His Beatitude Patriarch Josyf Slipyj,"
  12. ↑ Institute of Church History of Ukrainian Catholic University, Museum and Library [5]
  13. ↑ Byzantine Catholic Church in America, "Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Patriarch Dies of Pneumonia at 86," December 14, 2000. [6]
  14. ↑ Marta Kolomayets, "Weeklong celebrations in Rome mark elevation of Cardinal Lubomyr Husar" Ukrainian Weekly March 4, 2001 [7]
  15. ↑ Salvador Miranda, "The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church – Deaconries" [8]

Gallery

  • Santi Sergio e Bacco Micu-Klein 1.jpg

    Latin memorial to Bishop Inocenţiu Micu-Klein placed by his nephew Samuil Micu after his death in 1768.

  • Inscription Sergio e Bacco.JPG

    1819 inscription placed by Basilian superior Jordan Mickiewicz recording Pope Clement XI’s installation of the Madonna del Pascolo and a pilgrimage by Pope Pius VII in 1801.

  • Miszewski memorial.JPG

    1827 Memorial to Juliusz Miszewski, Polish painter, who died July 21, 1826 in an accident in Subiaco.

  • Micu-Klein Santi Sergio e Bacco in Romanian.jpg

    1923 Romanian memorial to Bishop Micu-Klein.

  • 1988 anniversary plaque.jpg

    Plaque observing 1000 years of Christianity in Russia and Ukraine.

  • Ss. Sergio e Bacco guest hotel.jpg

    St. Sophia guest hotel adjacent to Ss. Sergio e Bacco in Piazza Madonna dei Monti.

  • Hotel doorway.JPG

    Guest hotel doorway with inscription recording renovation of 1969-73.

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