Sapovirus
| Sapporo virus | |
|---|---|
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| Transmission electron micrograph of Sapporo viruses. | |
| Virus classification | |
| Group: |
Group IV ((+)ssRNA)
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| Family: | |
| Genus: |
Sapovirus
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| Type Species | |
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Sapovirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Caliciviridae. Humans and swine serve as natural hosts.[1] There is currently only one species in this genus: the type species Sapporo virus.[1][2][3] Together with the Norwalk virus, these are the most common cause of acute viral gastroenteritis in adults.[1][4] Unlike Noroviruses, however, Sapoviruses generally only causes mild gastroenteritis in young children.[5] The type species (and the genus by extension) is named after Sapporo, Japan where the virus was first discovered following an outbreak of gastroenteritis in an orphanage.[6]
Structure
Viruses in Sapovirus are non-enveloped, with icosahedral geometries, and T=3 symmetry. The diameter is around 27-40 nm. Genomes are linear and non-segmented, around 8.3kb in length.[1]
| Genus | Structure | Symmetry | Capsid | Genomic Arrangement | Genomic Segmentation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sapovirus | Icosahedral | T=3 | Non-Enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |
Life Cycle
Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment to host receptors, which mediates endocytosis. Replication follows the positive stranded RNA virus replication model. Positive stranded RNA virus transcription is the method of transcription. Translation takes place by RNA termination-reinitiation. Humans and swine serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are fecal-oral.[1]
| Genus | Host Details | Tissue Tropism | Entry Details | Release Details | Replication Site | Assembly Site | Transmission |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sapovirus | Humans; swine | Intestinal epithelium | Cell receptor endocytosis | Lysis | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Oral-fecal |
Taxonomy
Group: ssRNA(+)
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Family: Caliciviridae
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Genus: Sapovirus
- Sapporo virus
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Sapovirus are currently classified into seven genogroups (GI to GVII) based on the complete sequence of capsid. GI, GII, GIV and GV are known to infect humans [7]
Animal viruses
Sapoviruses have been identified in bats, California sea lions, dogs, pigs and mink.[8][9]
References
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- ↑ Tse H, Chan WM, Li KS, Lau SK, Woo PC, Yuen KY (2012) Discovery and genomic characterization of a novel bat sapovirus with unusual genomic features and phylogenetic position. PLoS One 7(4):e34987.
