Sara Yorke Stevenson

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File:Sara Yorke Stevenson.jpg

1917 portrait by Leopold Seyfert

Sara Yorke Stevenson (Mrs. Cornelius Stevenson) (February 19, 1847 – November 14, 1921) was a prominent American archæologist and female rights activist.

Family

Sara’s parents were Edward and Sarah Hanna Yorke, Louisiana natives who moved to Paris during the 1840s. They both came from aristocratic families, her mother's family owned a large cotton plantation, and her father was a cotton broker.

Early life

Sara’s parents moved back to the States when she was only ten, leaving their daughters to attend boarding school in France. She stayed in Paris from 1858 through 1862 attending school, after which she joined her family in Mexico, where they had moved because of some investments of her fathers. In Mexico she attended many social gatherings of the newly appointed Empress of Mexico Charlotte of Belgium and her husband Maximilian. Her first hand account of the Second Mexican Empire gave great incite to the inner workings of court life during that time. In 1867 the family relocated to Vermont during some violence in Mexico. Stevenson's father died only a year later and not long after that she moved to Philadelphia to live with two uncles and an aunt.

Marriage

She married Cornelius Stevenson, who was a Philadelphia lawyer. They had one child William, who was born in 1878.

Associates

Stevenson was part of a group of internationally known Philadelphia elite scholars, known as the Furness-Mitchell Coterie, who were a driving force in many areas, especially anthropology, during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The group included musicians, writers, scholars, anthropologists, and educators. Because of her involvement in the group Stevenson was able to enjoy privileges that would not have been possible without her involvement in the coterie.

Career

In the 1880s anthropology was just becoming a discipline as universities were beginning to develop their anthropology departments. Stevenson was known as an "armchair archaeologist or anthropologist"; she never carried out her own fieldwork, but analyzed the information that others had collected. An 1892 issue of "Anthropological Work in America" described that Stevenson "is perhaps our only lady Egyptologist. Her lectures in Egyptian subjects have made a sensation." She mentored with Frederick Ward Putnam, who had just established Harvard's anthropology department, along with Franz Boas, Zelia Nuttall, and Alice Fletcher. Stevenson's interests were very wide; she was interested in everything from cultural diffusion to cultural evolution.

In 1892 Putnam supported Stevenson's appointment to the Jury of Awards for Ethnology. A special act had to be passed to allow a woman to serve this position; Stevenson was elected vice president of the jury. In 1894 Stevenson was the first woman to speak at the Peabody Museum on "Egypt at the Dawn of History". She was president of the Oriental Club of Philadelphia, the Contemporary Club, and the Pennsylvania Chapter of the Archeological Institute of America and was founder and officer of the University Archaeological Association, the American Folk-Lore Society and the American Exploration Society. She was also a member of the Numismatic and Antiquarian Society of Philadelphia and in 1895 was admitted to the American Philosophical Society. Stevenson also joined the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1884 and was nominated a Fellow in 1895. She also established the Equal Franchise Society of Pennsylvania, in recognition of the difficulties women faced. She served as president until 1910 and first vice president until the Federal Suffrage Amendment passed in 1920.

Stevenson's greatest contribution was her role in the establishment of Pennsylvania's University Museum. In 1891, Stevenson, Pepper, Talcott Williams, and Joseph Coates were appointed by the University Archaeological Association to create a department of archaeology and paleontology to manage the museum. Stevenson then served on the governing board from its start until 1905. She also served as the curator of the Egyptian and Mediterranean section of the museum from 1890 to 1905.

In addition to all these achievements, Stevenson pursued various non-archaeological interests, including becoming a columnist for the Philadelphia Public Ledger under the pen names "Peggy Shippen" and "Sally Wistar". As one of the principal founders of the University Museum, one whose contributions to the building program of the Museum was essential to its success, Stevenson set a powerful example for generations of women to follow.

Sara Yorke Stevenson also developed one of the first college-level courses in training museum professionals in the United States, which she taught at the Pennsylvania Museum and School of Industrial Art, now known as The University of the Arts, in Philadelphia.

Scholarly publications

• “On Certain Symbols used in the Decoration of some Potsherds from Daphnae and Naukratis, now in the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania,” Proceedings of the Numismatic and Antiquarian Society of Philadelphia for 1890–91, 1892.
• “The Tomb of King Amenhotep,” Papers on Egyptian Archaeology, 1892.
• “Mr. Petrie’s Discoveries at Tel el-Amarna,“ Science Vol. 19; Nos. 480–482, 510.
• “An Ancient Egyptian Rite Illustrating a Phase of Primitive Thought,” International Congress of Anthropology, Memoirs, Chicago, 1894, 298–311.
• “Some Sculptures from Koptos in Philadelphia,” American Journal of Archaeology 10 (1895), 347–351.
• “The Feather and the Wing in Early Mythology,“ Oriental Studies of the Oriental Club of Philadelphia, 1894, 202–241.
• ”On the Remains of Foreigners Discovered in Egypt by Mr. W.M. Flinders Petrie, 1895, now in the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania,” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. XXXV.
• Egypt and Western Asia in Antiquity by Ferdinand Justi, Morris Jastrow Jr., and Sara Y. Stevenson, Philadelphia, 1905.

Sources

• Women's Intellectual Contributions to the Study of Mind and Society
• Penn Biographies: Sara Yorke Stevenson
• Breaking Ground: Women in Old World Archaeology
• THE FURNESS-MITCHELL COTERIE: ITS ROLE IN PHILADELPHIA'S INTELLECTUAL LIFE AT THE TURN OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY by Christine Moon Van Ness
• A HISTORY OF THE ACQUISITION OF PAPYRI AND RELATED WRITTEN MATERIAL IN THE UNIVERSITY (OF PENNSYLVANIA) MUSEUM by John R. Abercrombie
•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: 

External links

• Works by Sara Yorke Stevenson at Project Gutenberg
• Biography of Sara Yorke Stevenson at the [1] at the http://www.archives.upenn.edu/ University Archives