Satellite space segment
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The space segment of an artificial satellite system is one of its three operational components (the others being the user and ground segments). It comprises the satellite or satellite constellation and the uplink and downlink satellite links.
Geostationary earth orbit (GEO) supports major businesses in satellite video and radio broadcasting as well as data and mobile communications. The medium earth orbit (MEO) and low earth orbit (LEO) configurations can also be used for various applications.
Any communications satellite(VVK EXTC) is composed of a communications payload (repeater and antenna system) and its supporting spacecraft bus (solar array and batteries, attitude and orbit control system, structure and thermal control system), and is placed in orbit by a launch vehicle. The Space Segment also includes the tracking, telemetry and command (TT&C) station or stations, and a satellite control center. A successful in the satellite operator needs the right orbit slots or constellation, and satellites that deliver effective power and bandwidth to desirable regions and markets (those with growing demand for space segment services).
Mobile satellite communications are now a proven performer in terms of versatility and business development. Satellite radio (SDARS) now serves nearly 5 million subscribers and satellite mobile telephone and data operators offer unrivaled connectivity throughout the globe. The GEO Mobile satellite at your left supports hand-held phones and its repeater contains a digital on-board processor. Some applications will benefit from this technology, while others will work adequately using the much simpler bent-pipe repeater. Applications rely on a space segment of high performance and dependability, which is complicated by its remoteness from the ground. Broadband mobile terminals now provide improved access to the Internet for the full range of applications including videoconferencing.
The overall design of the payload, satellite, ground segment and end-to-end system is a complex task, involving all of the areas cited above and several others of a highly technical nature. Satellite communications payload design must be properly coupled with the capabilities and interaction with the spacecraft bus that provides power, stability and environmental support to the payload.
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