Saw Yun

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Saw Yun
အသင်္ခယာ စောယွမ်း
King of Sagaing
Reign 16 May 1315 – 5 February 1327
Predecessor Thihathu
Successor Tarabya I
Born c. 1299/1300
Monday, 661 ME
Myinsaing
Died 5 February 1327 (aged 27)
14th waxing of Tabaung 688 ME
Sagaing
Consort Saw Hnaung[1]
Issue Kyaswa[2]
Nawrahta Minye
Tarabya II
Soe Min Kodawgyi
House Myinsaing
Father Thihathu
Mother Yadanabon
Religion Theravada Buddhism

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For the Pagan prince, see Saw Yun of Pagan.

Athinhkaya Saw Yun (Burmese: အသင်္ခယာ စောယွမ်း [ʔəθɪ̀ɴ kʰəjà sɔ́ jʊ́ɴ]; also spelled Sawyun; c. 1299 – 5 February 1327) was the founder of the Sagaing Kingdom located in today's Sagaing Region, Burma (Myanmar). The eldest son of King Thihathu of Pinya, Saw Yun set up a rival kingdom to his father's in 1315 after Thihathu had appointed his adopted son Uzana I, son of the fallen king Kyawswa of Pagan as crown prince over his own sons.[3] While Saw Yun nominally remained loyal to his father, and continued to swear allegiance to his father, he was a de facto king of the area roughly corresponding to Sagaing Division. The old king Thihathu had to be satisfied with Saw Yun's nominal submission but could not take any action.[4]

Saw Yun reigned for more than seven years, and died in 1327 at age 27, two years after his father's death.[1] After their deaths, Sagaing and Pinya kingdoms were at loggerheads for the control of Upper Burma for the next 40 years. Saw Yun had four children, a daughter followed by three sons. All of his sons became king of Sagaing. His only daughter was the mother of Thadominbya, the founder of the Kingdom of Ava.

Early life

Saw Yun was born to Thihathu, co-founder of Myinsaing Kingdom and the founder of Pinya Kingdom, and Yadanabon, daughter of Shan village head of Linyin,[5] c. 1299. This makes Saw Yun's ethnicity three-quarters Shan and one-quarter Burman.[3]

The chronicles and inscriptional evidence show various dates with regard to his life.

Chronicles Birth–Death Age Reign Length of reign
Zatadawbon Yazawin[6] and Maha Yazawin[2] 1303/1304 – 1330/1331 27 1322/1323 – 1330/1331 8
Hmannan Yazawin[7] 1301/1302 – 20 April 1323 21 16 May 1315 – 20 April 1323 8
Inscriptions[1] 1299/1300 – 5 February 1327 27 16 May 1315 – 5 February 1327 11

Secession from Pinya

In 1315, Thihathu chose his adopted son Uzana as his apparent. Saw Yun, the king's eldest son by blood, did not take the news kindly. Encouraged by forest dweller monks, Saw Yun left with his followers to Sagaing, directly across Pinya on the western bank of the Irrawaddy on 16 May 1315 (12th waxing of Nayon 677) ME).[8]

Reign

Saw Yun never formally revolted and nominally remained loyal to his father. Thihathu, who never wanted to share power with anyone, even with his own brothers, uncharacteristically did not (or could not) punish Saw Yun for his thinly veiled insurrection. Perhaps a younger Thihathu would not have tolerated it. At any rate, after Thihathu's death in 1325, the two kingdoms formally went separate ways, with Pinya controlling eastern and southern parts of central Burma and Sagaing the western and northern regions.[4] After his father died in 1325, Saw Yun dropped any nominal allegiance to Pinya.

Saw Yun was remembered in Burmese chronicles as powerful, kindly and popular. He also contributed to Burmese military. In 1318, Saw Yun formed a cavalry regiment called Sagaing Htaungthin (စစ်ကိုင်း ထောင်သင်း [zəɡáɪɴ tʰàʊɴ ɵɪ́ɴ]; lit. "Thousand-strong Regiment of Sagaing", although the numbers added up to only 830), which was maintained up till the fall of Burmese monarchy, and nine squadrons of cavalry.[7]

Cavalry name Strength
Tamakha Myin
တမာခါး မြင်း		 150
Pyinsi Myin
ပြင်စည် မြင်း		 150
Yudawmu Myin
ယူတော်မူ မြင်း		 150
Letywaygyi Myin
လက်ရွေးကြီး မြင်း		 150
Letywaynge Myin
လက်ရွေးငယ် မြင်း		 70
Kyaungthin Myin
ကြောင်သင်း မြင်း		 50
Myinthegyi Myin
မြင်းသည်ကြီး မြင်း		 50
Hketlon Myin
ခက်လုံး မြင်း		 30
Sawputoh Myin
စောပွတ်အိုး မြင်း		 30

Death

The king died on 5 February 1327.[1] He was 27.[9][note 1]

Notes

  1. ↑ (Hmannan Vol. 1 388–389) states he died on 20 April 1323 (1st waning of Kason 685 ME) but per (Than Tun 1959: 126) inscriptional evidence shows that he died on 5 February 1327. In general, the two standard royal chronicles Maha Yazawin and Hmannan Yazawin do not agree on the dates concerning Saw Yun. Maha Yazawin (Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 352) states that he died in his 28th year (i.e. age 27) while Hmannan says he died in his 22nd year (age 21). Hmannan (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 374–375) and Maha Yazawin (Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 260–262) both state Uzana was older than Saw Yun. Since Uzana was born c. June 1298, Saw Yun must have been born after June 1298.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Than Tun 1959: 126
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 270
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Phayre 1967:58–59
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Htin Aung 1967: 71–79
  5. ↑ Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 371–372
  6. ↑ Zata 1960: 43
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 388–389
  8. ↑ Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 375
  9. ↑ Kala Vol. 1 2006: 352

Bibliography

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Saw Yun
Born: c. 1299 Died: 5 February 1327
Regnal titles
Preceded by King of Sagaing
16 May 1315 – 5 February 1327		 Succeeded by
Tarabya I
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