Scorzonera

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For the vegetable black salsify, see Scorzonera hispanica.
Scorzonera
File:Scorzonera purpurea rosea0.jpg
Scorzonera purpurea
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Asterids
Order:
Asterales
Family:
Asteraceae
Tribe:
Cichorieae[1]
Genus:
Scorzonera
Synonyms[1]

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File:Scorzonera humilis.jpg
Scorzonera humilis

Scorzonera is a genus of flowering plants in the dandelion tribe within the daisy family. [2][3]

They are distributed in Europe, Asia,[3] and Africa.[4] Its center of diversity is in the Mediterranean.[5] Well-known species include the edible black salsify (Scorzonera hispanica). Scorzonera tau-saghyz is a source of natural rubber.[6][7][8]

Scorzonera is recorded as a food plant for the larva of the Nutmeg, a species of moth.

Species[1][9]

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4
formerly included

species once considered members of Scorzonera but now regarded as better suited to other genera: Avellara Crepis Epilasia Hymenonema Hypochaeris Lactuca Lasiospora Launaea Leontodon Microseris Podospermum Pterachaenia Pyrrhopappus Reichardia Scorzoneroides Sonchus Takhtajaniantha Tragopogon

Etymology

One possible origin of the genus name is the French scorzonère ("viper’s grass").[3]

Secondary metabolites

Some Scorzonera species contain lactones, including the sesquiterpene lactones known as guaianolides.[11] Flavonoids found in Scorzonera include apigenin, kaempferol, luteolin, and quercetin.[12] Other secondary metabolites reported from the genus include caffeoylquinic acids, coumarins, lignans, stilbenoids, and triterpenoids.[13] One unique class of stilbenoid derivative was first isolated from Scorzonera humilis. They were named the tyrolobibenzyls after Tyrol in the eastern Alps, where the plant was collected.[14]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist
  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Scorzonera. Flora of North America.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Duran, A. and E. Hamzaoglu. (2004). A new species of Scorzonera (Asteraceae) from South Anatolia, Turkey. Biologia-Bratislava 59(1), 47-50.
  5. ↑ Karaer, F. and F. Celep. (2007). Rediscovery of Scorzonera amasiana Hausskn. and Bornm. – A threatened endemic species in Turkey. Bangladesh Journal of Botany 36(2), 139-44.
  6. ↑ Buranov, A. U. and B. J. Elmuradov. (2010). Extraction and characterization of latex and natural rubber from rubber-bearing plants. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 58(2), 734-43.
  7. ↑ Flora of China Vol. 20-21 Page 198 鸦葱属 ya cong shu Scorzonera Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 790. 1753.
  8. ↑ Altervista Flora Italiana, genere Scorzonera includes photos and distribution maps
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ Parolly, G. and N. Kilian. (2003). Scorzonera karabelensis (Compositae), a new species from SW Anatolia, with a key to the subscapigerous Scorzonera species in Turkey. Willdenowia 33 327-35.
  11. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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