Sesiidae
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| Sesiidae | |
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| Synanthedon tipuliformis | |
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Sesiidae
Boisduval, 1828
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| Type species | |
| Sesia apiformis |
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| Subfamilies | |
| Diversity | |
| 151 genera 1,370 species |
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The Sesiidae or clearwing moths are a family of the Lepidoptera in most species of which the wings partially have hardly any of the normal lepidopteran scales, leaving them transparent. The bodies are generally striped with yellow, red or white, sometimes very brightly, and they have simple antennae. The general appearance is sufficiently similar to a wasp or hornet to make it likely that the moths gain a reduction in predation by Batesian mimicry. This enables them to be active in daylight. They are commonly collected using pheromone lures. Worldwide there are 151 genera, 1370 species, and 50 subspecies. Most of these occur in the tropics, but there are many species in the Holarctic region.
The larvae of the Sesiidae typically bore in wood or burrow in plant roots. Many species are serious pests of fruit-tree or timber cultivation, or crop plants (e.g. Melittia spp. on squash) (Edwards et al., 1999).
These moths should not be confused with the Hemaris genus of the family Sphingidae, which are also known as clearwing moths in the U.S., but normally as bee hawk-moths in Britain. Hemaris moths have generally fatter, furrier bodies than sesiid clearwings, looking similar to bumble bees, and lack the striped colouration.
Taxonomy
- Subfamily Tinthiinae Le Cerf, 1917
- Tribe Tinthiini Le Cerf, 1917
- Microsphecia Bartel, 1912
- Tinthia Walker, [1865]
- Sophona Walker, 1856
- Zenodoxus Grote & Robinson, 1868
- Conopsia Strand, [1913]
- Paranthrenopsis Le Cerf, 1911
- Entrichella Bryk, 1947
- Negotinthia Gorbunov, 2001
- Trichocerota Hampson, [1893]
- Paradoxecia Hampson, 1919
- Rectala Bryk, 1947
- Ceratocorema Hampson, [1893]
- Caudicornia Bryk, 1947
- Bidentotinthia Arita & Gorbunov, 2003
- Tarsotinthia Arita & Gorbunov, 2003
- Tyrictaca Walker, 1862
- Tribe Pennisetiini Naumann, 1971
- Pennisetia Dehne, 1850
- Corematosetia Kallies & Arita, 2001
- Tribe Paraglosseciini Gorbunov & Eitschberger 1990
- Oligophlebia Hampson, [1893]
- Isothamnis Meyrick, 1935
- Cyanophlebia Arita & Gorbunov, 2001
- Lophocnema Turner, 1917
- Diapyra Turner, 1917
- Micrecia Hampson, 1919
- Tribe Similipepsini Špatenka, Laštuvka, Gorbunov, Toševski & Arita, 1993
- Similipepsis Le Cerf, 1911
- Gasterostena Arita & Gorbunov, 2003
- Tribe Tinthiini Le Cerf, 1917
- Subfamily Sesiinae Boisduval, 1828
- Tribe Sesiini Boisduval, 1828
- Sesia Fabricius, 1775
- Trilochana Moore, 1879
- Cyanosesia Gorbunov & Arita, 1995
- Sphecosesia Hampson, 1910
- Teinotarsina Felder, 1874
- Lenyra Walker, 1856
- Aegerosphecia Le Cerf, 1916
- Lamellisphecia Kallies & Arita, 2004
- Clavigera Kallies & Arita, 2004
- Eusphecia Le Cerf, 1937
- Scasiba Matsumura, 1931
- Callisphecia Le Cerf, 1916
- Madasphecia Viette, 1982
- Melittosesia Bartsch, 2009
- Barbasphecia Pühringer & Sáfián 2011
- Afrokona Fischer, 2006
- Hovaesia Le Cerf, 1957
- Lenyrhova Le Cerf, 1957
- Tribe Cissuvorini Duckworth & Eichlin 1977
- Toleria Walker, [1865]
- Chimaerosphecia Strand, [1916]
- Glossosphecia Hampson, 1919
- Cissuvora Engelhardt, 1946
- Dasysphecia Hampson, 1919
- Tribe Osminiini Duckworth & Eichlin 1977
- Osminia Le Cerf, 1917
- Chamanthedon Le Cerf, 1916
- Microsynanthedon Viette, [1955]
- Calasesia Beutenmüller, 1899
- Aenigmina Le Cerf, 1912
- Cabomina de Freina, 2008
- Pyranthrene Hampson, 1919
- Homogyna Le Cerf, 1911
- Aschistophleps Hampson [1893]
- Pyrophleps Arita & Gorbunov, 2000
- Heterosphecia Le Cerf, 1916
- Melanosphecia Le Cerf, 1916
- Akaisphecia Gorbunov & Arita, 1995
- Callithia Le Cerf, 1916
- Tribe Melittiini Le Cerf, 1917
- Melittia Hübner, [1819]
- Desmopoda Felder, 1874
- Agriomelissa Meyrick, 1931
- Afromelittia Gorbunov & Arita, 1997
- Cephalomelittia Gorbunov & Arita, 1995
- Macroscelesia Hampson, 1919
- Tribe Paranthrenini Niculescu, 1964
- Nokona Matsumura 1931
- Taikona Arita & Gorbunov, 2001
- Scoliokona Kallies & Arita, 1998
- Rubukona Fischer, 2007
- Adixoa Hampson, [1893]
- Pramila Moore, 1879
- Vitacea Engelhardt, 1946
- Phlogothauma Butler, 1882
- Paranthrene Hübner, [1819]
- Pseudosesia Felder, 1861
- Albuna Edwards, 1881
- Euhagena Edwards, 1881
- Sincara Walker, 1856
- Tirista Walker, [1865]
- Thyranthrene Hampson, 1919
- Sura Walker, 1856
- Tribe Sesiini Boisduval, 1828
File:IC Pyropteron chrysidiforme.jpg
The fiery clearwing moth, Pyropteron chrysidiformis
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- Tribe Synanthedonini Niculescu, 1964
- Synanthedon Hübner, [1819]
- Ravitria Gorbunov & Arita, 2000
- Kantipuria Gorbunov & Arita, 1999
- Kemneriella Bryk, 1947
- Ichneumenoptera Hampson, [1893]
- Paranthrenella Strand, [1916]
- Anthedonella Gorbunov & Arita, 1999
- Schimia Gorbunov & Arita, 1999
- Uncothedon Gorbunov & Arita, 1999
- Palmia Beutenmüller, 1896
- Podosesia Möschler, 1879
- Sannina Walker, 1856
- Nyctaegeria Le Cerf, 1914
- Carmenta Edwards, 1881
- Penstemonia Engelhardt, 1946
- Camaegeria Strand, 1914
- Malgassesia Le Cerf, 1922
- Lophoceps Hampson, 1919
- Tipulamima Holland, 1893
- Rodolphia Le Cerf, 1911
- Alcathoe Edwards, 1882
- Pseudalcathoe Le Cerf, 1916
- Macrotarsipus Hampson, [1893]
- Grypopalpia Hampson, 1919
- Hymenoclea Engelhardt, 1946
- Euryphrissa Butler, 1874
- Leptaegeria Le Cerf, 1916
- Aegerina Le Cerf, 1917
- Stenosphecia Le Cerf, 1917
- Bembecia Hübner, [1819]
- Pyropteron Newman, 1832
- Dipchasphecia Capuse, 1973
- Chamaesphecia Spuler, 1910
- Weismanniola Naumann, 1971
- Ichneumonella Gorbunov & Arita, 2005
- Crinipus Hampson, 1896
- Genera unassigned to Tribe
- Alonina Walker, 1856
- Anaudia Wallengren, 1863
- Augangela Meyrick, 1932
- Austrosetia Felder, 1874
- Ceritrypetes Bradley, 1956
- Conopyga Felder, 1861
- Echidgnathia Hampson, 1919
- Episannina Aurivillius, 1905
- Erismatica Meyrick, 1933
- Gymnosophistis Meyrick, 1934
- Hymenosphecia Le Cerf, 1917
- Isocylindra Meyrick, 1930
- Lepidopoda Hampson, 1900
- Leuthneria Dalla Torre, 1925
- Megalosphecia Le Cerf, 1916
- Melisophista Meyrick, 1927
- Metasphecia Le Cerf, 1917
- Mimocrypta Naumann, 1971
- Monopetalotaxis Wallengren, 1859
- Pedalonina Gaede, 1929
- Proaegeria Le Cerf, 1916
- Pseudomelittia Le Cerf, 1917
- Tradescanticola Hampson, 1919
- Uranothyris Meyrick, 1933
- Vespanthedon Le Cerf, 1917
- Xenoses Durrant, 1924
- Zhuosesia Yang, 1977
- Tribe Synanthedonini Niculescu, 1964
References
- Edwards, E.D., Gentili, P., Horak, M., Kristensen, N.P. and Nielsen, E.S. (1999). The cossoid/sesioid assemblage. Ch. 11, pp. 183–185 in Kristensen, N.P. (Ed.). Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterflies. Volume 1: Evolution, Systematics, and Biogeography. Handbuch der Zoologie. Eine Naturgeschichte der Stämme des Tierreiches / Handbook of Zoology. A Natural History of the phyla of the Animal Kingdom. Band / Volume IV Arthropoda: Insecta Teilband / Part 35: 491 pp. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York.
External links
- Dr. Franz Pühringer: Sesiidae
- Sesiidae of Serbia in English
- Synanthedon exitiosa, peachtree borer on the UF / IFAS Featured Creatures Web site
- Synanthedon scitula, dogwood borer on the UF / IFAS Featured Creatures Web site
- Australian moths online Gallery
- Images of Sesiidae moths in New Zealand
- Deltakey Family description and nineteenth century plates.
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