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Shreya Ghoshal

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Shreya Ghoshal
File:Shreya Ghoshal at Filmfare Awards South.jpg
Ghoshal at the 62nd Filmfare Awards South, 2015
Born (1984-03-12) March 12, 1984 (age 40)
Baharampur, West Bengal, India
Nationality Indian
Alma mater SIES College of Arts, Science, and Commerce
Occupation Playback singer
Years active 1998–present
Home town Rawatbhata, Rajasthan, India
Spouse(s) Shiladitya Mukhopadhyaya (m. 2015)
Musical career
Genres
Instruments Vocals
Labels
  • Sagarika Music
  • Times Music
  • Saregama
  • Asha Audio
Website shreyaghoshal.com
Signature
150px

Shreya Ghoshal (born 12 March 1984)[1] is an Indian playback singer. She has received four National Film Awards, six Filmfare Awards and eight Filmfare Awards South (one for Telugu, two for Kannada, two for Tamil and three for Malayalam) to date. She has recorded songs for film music in various Indian languages, and has established herself as a leading playback singer of Indian cinema.

Ghoshal aspired to become a playback singer from a young age. At the age of four, she started learning music. At the age of six, she started with her formal training in classical music. At the age of sixteen, she was noticed by film-maker Sanjay Leela Bhansali when she entered and won the television singing reality show Sa Re Ga Ma Pa. Following that, she made her Bollywood playback singing debut with Bhansali's romantic drama Devdas (2002) for which she received a National Award and a Filmfare Award.

Apart from playback singing, Ghoshal has appeared as a judge on several television reality shows. She has been honored by the U.S. state of Ohio, where governor Ted Strickland declared 26 June 2010 "Shreya Ghoshal Day". She was awarded with the highest honour in London by the selected members of House of Commons of the United Kingdom. She has also featured four times in Forbes, list of the top 100 celebrities of India. In February 2015, Ghoshal married her childhood friend Shiladitya Mukhopadhyaya.

Early life

Ghoshal was born on 12 March 1984 to a Bengali Hindu family in Baharampur, Murshidabad district, West Bengal.[1][2] She grew up in Rawatbhata, a small town near Kota in Rajasthan.[3] Her father, Bishwajit Ghoshal is an electrical engineer and works for the Nuclear Power Corporation of India, and her mother, Sarmistha Ghoshal, is a literature post-graduate.[4] She has a younger brother, Soumyadeep Ghoshal.[5][6] At the age of four, she started learning music.[7]

Ghoshal completed her schooling up to eighth grade at the Atomic Energy Central School in Rawatbhata.[3] In 1995, she won the All India Light Vocal Music Competition, New Delhi, organised by Sangam Kala Group, in Light Vocal group in sub-junior level. In 1997, when her father was transferred to the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, she was relocated to Mumbai, with her family and studied at the Atomic Energy Central School in Anushakti Nagar.[8] She joined the Atomic Energy Junior College to study science. She withdrew from the junior college and enrolled at the SIES College of Arts, Science, and Commerce in Mumbai, where she took up arts with English as her major.[3][4][9]

Her mother used to help her in her rehearsals and she accompanied her on the harmonium and started practicing mostly Bengali songs. At the age of six, Ghoshal started with her formal training in classical music. She acquired training from Padmashree Late Kalyanji Bhai and Late Mukta Bhideji.[9] Her first stage performance was made at a club's annual function. When she turned six, she started her lessons in Hindustani classical music.[3] In 2000, at the age of sixteen, she participated and won the television music reality show Sa Re Ga Ma (now Sa Re Ga Ma Pa) on the channel Zee TV, which was hosted by Sonu Nigam.[10][11][12]

Music career

Her first studio album was Bendhechhi Beena, which was released on 1 January 1998, with 14 tracks.[13] Some of her earlier albums include O Tota Pakhi Re, Ekti Katha (1999),[14] and Mukhor Porag (2000).[15] Ghoshal recorded devotional songs in albums like Banomali Re (2002),[16] and later, Krishna Bina Ache Ke (2007).[17]

Bollywood debut (2002–04)

Ghoshal caught the attention of director Sanjay Leela Bhansali when she participated in the 75th children's special episode of Sa Re Ga Ma. Bhansali's mother was watching the show and during Ghoshal's performance, she called him to watch her performance, after which he decided to give her a chance in his next film.[9] According to Bhansali, Ghoshal's voice had the innocence needed for the character of Paro in Devdas (2002).[8][18]

In 2000, Bhansali and music director Ismail Darbar offered her the opportunity to be the voice of Paro, the lead female character of Devdas, who was portrayed by Aishwarya Rai.[8][19] Ghoshal sang five songs in the film, namely, "Silsila Ye Chaahat Ka", "Bairi Piya", "Chalak Chalak", "Morey Piya", and "Dola Re Dola", with established singers such as Udit Narayan, Vinod Rathod, Kavita Krishnamurthy, KK, and Jaspinder Narula.[20] She was sixteen when she recorded the first song for the film, "Bairi Piya" with Udit Narayan. Her Higher Secondary Examinations were nearing that time and she would take her books and notebooks to the studio in order to study during downtime. "Bairi Piya" was an instant success and topped the charts.[8] The film garnered her Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer for "Dola Re", a National Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer for "Bairi Piya". Her performance also won her the RD Burman Award for New Music Talent.[21]

She was an immediate success and was called by various regional film industries for recording songs in her voice.[8] Ghoshal was next heard in Darbar-composed Desh Devi, where she performed three tracks for the film.[22]

After rendering traditional semi-classical songs for her previous ventures, Ghoshal performed two seductive numbers for M. M. Kreem's Jism, which prevented her from being stereotyped.[23] According to Ghoshal, "Jaadu Hai Nasha Hai" and "Chalo Tumko Lekar Chale" from the film "made everyone look at [her] in a new light", opening the doors to a "versatile image".[24] She was awarded with another Filmfare trophy for the song "Jaadu Hai Nasha Hai".[25] She thereupon worked with Anu Malik, where she performed the female version of "Aye Meri Zindagi", "Seena Pada" and "Aai Jo Teri Yaad", alongwith the bhajan-styled "Har Taraf".[26] In spite of providing vocals for "Har Taraf", Ghoshal also made her first on-screen appearance in Saaya.[27][28] Apart from Inteha, Ghoshal provided vocals for Malik in two other films, Munna Bhai M.B.B.S. and LOC Kargil, where she recorded the song "Chann Chann" for the former and "Pyaar Bhara Geet" for the latter, along with Sonu Nigam.[29][30] Besides, Ghoshal made her first collaboration with Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy by performing the female version of the song "Tu Hi Bata Zindagi". Calling her sing "effortless" in the song, The Hindu mentioned that she was "able to impart the required emotions" for the song.[31]

In 2004, Ghoshal contributed to the soundtrack album of Thoda Tum Badlo Thoda Hum by performing four tracks, which were labelled with an "average" tag by Joginder Tuteja from Bollywood Hungama.[32] However, he was "impressed" with Ghoshal's rendition from her songs in Khakee, where he affirmed that Ghoshal's voice suits Aishwarya Rai to the "core" and she "lends credibility to the entire song" in "Wada Raha".[33] Besides, the two duets with Nigam; "Dil Dooba" and "Youn Hi Tum Mujhse", were equally favored by music critics.[33] Further complimenting her vocals in the song "Hum Tumko Nigahon Mein" and "Soniye" from Garv, Tuteja asserted that Ghoshal's "vocals have started to suit the current breed of actresses better and better with each passing day".[34] Apart from Dil Bechara Pyaar Ka Maara, Ghoshal worked with Nikhil–Vinay in other projects, by recording "Betab Dil Hai" from Phir Milenge, and "Woh Ho Tum" from Muskaan.[35][36]

During the time, Nadeem–Shravan composed Tumsa Nahin Dekha: A Love Story was considered to be the biggest album for Ghoshal, as she sang all the numbers with an exception of one song.[37] She performed a wide variety of songs—from a jazzy number to soft romantic tunes—in the album.[38] According to Ghoshal, the album allowed her to "experiment with the entire range" of her "singing capabilities".[38] Besides, Ghoshal lent her voice for Malik, where she sung "Tumhe Jo Maine Dekha" and "Gori Gori" for Main Hoon Na apart from the title track—which received the maximum praise from critics.[39] Mid Day affirmed that Ghoshal provided "perfect accompaniment" for the track, while Rediff.com was "impressed with her rendition".[40][41] The year marks her first collaboration with Rajesh Roshan and Daboo Malik by singing the melodious track for the former composed "Saansein Ghulne Lagi" from Aetbaar and performing the track "Shikdum" from Dhoom, for the latter.[42][43]

(2005–07)

Ghoshal was bestowed with her second National Film Award for her rendition of "Dheere Jalna" in Paheli.[44] As claimed by Daily News and Analysis, the song "treads the fine balance between the classical and popular genre of Hindi film music".[45] Barring the song "Dheere Jalna", Ghoshal was heard in two other tracks "Kangna Re" and "Minnat Kare", composed by M.M. Kreem.[46] She provided vocals for Kreem in one of his another compositions: "Guzar Na Jaye" from Rog.[47] With the film Parineeta, she made her first collaboration with Shantanu Moitra.[48] She performed four tracks from the film alongside Nigam, which includes "Piyu Bole", "Kasto Mazza" and "Soona Man Ka Aangan".[49][50] Thereupon, the duo worked for the soundtrack album of Yahaan, performing a soulful track "Naam Adaa Likhna", "Urzu Urzu Durkut" and a Punjabi track "Mele Chaliyan".[51] Ghoshal's work in both the films was widely acclaimed, subsequently being nominated for the Filmfare Awards with the song "Piyu Bole".[52] Reportedly, Ghoshal was selected to sing the female rendition of the track after being auditioned by many other artistes.[48] In an interview, Moitra stated; "Pradeep wanted a little trill of laughter in the middle of the song and she did it effortlessly".[48]

Along with "Piyu Bole", Ghoshal received another Filmfare nomination for her rendition of the song "Agar Tum Mil Jao" from Zeher.[52] The song along with "Jaane Ja Jaane Ja" from the same film was acclaimed by music critics.[53] Apart from providing supporting vocals for Himesh Reshammiya's "Aashiq Banaya Aapne", Ghoshal's voice had been used in some of his other compositions released during the year.[54] However, while reviewing Malik-composed "Pehle Se", Bollywood Hungama wrote: "Ghoshal sings in a mature manner and does well once again to prove herself as a dependable playback singer".[55] Similar sentiments were echoed for the song "Bolo To" from Shabd which was composed by Vishal–Shekhar.[56]

2006 marks Ghoshal's first collaboration with Ravindra Jain, where she performed three duets with Narayan titled "Mujhe Haq Hai", "Do Anjaane Ajnabi" and "Milan Abhi Aadha Adhura Hai".[57] For the album, she also recorded "Hamari Shaadi Mein" with Babul Supriyo and two sisters conversation song "O Jiji" with Pamela Jain, along with a bhajan performed with Jain.[58] Ghoshal's "obsessive" vocals were appraised in Roop Kumar Rathod's composition, "So Jaoon Main" from Woh Lamhe.[59][60] Despite the length, the version was particularly acclaimed from the album.[61] During the year, Ghoshal performed her ever duet with Sunidhi Chauhan—though they have contributed in multi-singer songs together—with the Salim–Sulaiman's composition, "Imaan Ka Asar" from Dor.[62] In spite of providing backing vocals for Lage Raho Munna Bhai's "Bande Mein Tha Dum", Ghoshal and Nigam performed a romantic duet titled "Pal Pal", a composition by Moitra.[63] For the song, she received a Best Female Playback Singer nomination at the 52nd Filmfare Awards.[64] She was next heard with Vishal Bhardwaj in the song "O Saathi Re", which exudes the feeling of intimacy and deep love.[65][66] Ghoshal's low pitch rendition in the song was positively noted by critics.[65]

In 2006, Ghoshal sang "Pyaar Ki Ek Kahani", "Koi Tumsa Nahin" and "Chori Chori Chupke Chupke" from Rajesh Roshan-composed Krrish were also favored by the critics.[67] Reviewing the album, Bollywood Hungama wrote: "Ghoshal is extremely competent and justifies her continued presence in the big league".[67] They also mentioned that Ghoshal has reached to a similar level of Alka Yagnik in terms of "class, quality and style".[67]

In 2007, Ghoshal recorded a thumri in the mujra style for Khoya Khoya Chand.[68] Titled "Chale Aao Saiyan" and composed by Moitra, the song was particularly praised for Ghoshal's "different" vocal structure.[69] She even lent her voice for two other songs for the album; "Sakhi Piya" and "Thirak Thirak".[70] She reunited with Moitra for Laaga Chunari Mein Daag, where she performed "Hum To Aise Hain" along with Chauhan which also had Swanand Kirkire and Pranab Biswas lending supporting vocals.[71][72] Raja Sen found "Kachchi Kaliyaan" song from the film less appealing with its "bad remix background" though praised Ghoshal, Chauhan, KK and Nigam for giving the song "the vim it requires".[70] Apart from providing background alaap in Monty Sharma's composition "Masha-Allah", Ghoshal was heard in the classically oriented numbers "Jaan-E-Jaan" and "Sawar Gayi", included in the album Saawariya.[73] She also recorded her first track in a Sanjay Leela Bhansali's composition, "Thode Badmaash" for the same album, providing a "feminine quality" to her "temperate nuances".[74]

During the same year, Ghoshal sang the peppy rain song, "Barso Re" for Mani Ratnam's Guru, a composition by A.R. Rahman.[75] The song won her third Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer.[76][77] The same year, she came up with the song "Yeh Ishq Haaye" from Jab We Met, which was successful in earning her a third National Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer.[78] The duo also worked with the classical track "Mere Dholna" for Bhool Bhulaiyaa (2007), performed beside M. G. Sreekumar, which was acclaimed with special mention to the alaap towards the "climax of the song".[79] Ghoshal also lent her voice for Vishal–Shekhar with few of his compositions and was particularly praised for the theme song of Ta Ra Rum Pum along with the romantic song "Main Agar Kahoon" and the dance song "Dhoom Taana", where some critics compared her singing style of the latter with S. Janaki.[80][81][82] In the year, Ghoshal worked with Ilaiyaraaja for the album Cheeni Kum.[83][84] Her song "Jaadu Hai Nasha Hai" from Jism won her the Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer.

In 2007 Ghoshal sang "Barso Re" for Mani Ratnam's Guru, a composition by A.R. Rahman.[85][86] A Review from Oneindia praised Ghoshal's rendition of the song and opined that it was a different incarnation of her in comparison to her previous records.[87] The song won her the Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer.[88] The same year, she came up with the song ""Yeh Ishq Haaye" from Jab We Met, which was successful in earning her a third National Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer.[89]

2008–present

File:Shreya at concert.jpg
Ghoshal at her concert in 2015

After singing for films such as U Me Aur Hum, Sirf, Ghatothkach, Dashavatar, Mere Baap Pehle Aap, De Taali, Haal-e-Dil, Thoda Pyaar Thoda Magic and Kismat Konnection,[83] Ghoshal recorded another hit song for Singh Is Kinng (2008), titled "Teri Ore", composed by Pritam Chakraborty.[90] It received mixed reviews from music critics.[91][92] The song earned her a fourth Filmfare Award.[93] After that, she lent for voice for films like Bachna Ae Haseeno, God Tussi Great Ho, Welcome to Sajjanpur, Kidnap, Karzzzz, Ek Vivaah... Aisa Bhi, Dostana, Yuvvraaj and others.[83] She won her consecutive fourth and fifth National award for singing "Pherari Mon" for the Bengali film Antaheen (2008),[94] and "Jeev Rangla" for the Marathi film Jogwa (2008).[95]

She debuted in the Tamil cinema through the song "Yen Chellam" in Vasanthabalan's film Album (2002), and she received success after singing "Munbe Vaa" from Sillunu Oru Kaadhal under composer A. R. Rahman.She received her first Tamil Nadu State Film Award .[96] She made her Telugu debut for music director Mani Sharma in Okkadu (2003).[97] She made her debut in Kannada cinema with the song "Krishna nee begane baaro" in the movie Paris Pranaya (2003). Ghoshal debuted in Malayalam cinema through a studio album of composer Alphons Joseph and later gave voice to his song "Vida Parayukayano" from Big B (2007).[98] She became a sensation in Malayalam cinema through her song "Chandu Thottille", and received her first Kerala State Film Award for Best Singer. She became the first North Indian Singer to receive this award. In 2010, Ghoshal sang for the English independent film When Harry Tries to Marry.[99]

In 2013, Ghoshal collaborated with singer Kailash Kher for the song "Naina Chaar", under the initiative 'Project Resound' by Sony Music India.[100]

Concerts and other activities

File:Shreya Ghoshal in Toronto.jpg
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Ghoshal performs in musical concerts around the world. In 2013, she performed at the Sharjah Cricket Association Stadium in United Arab Emirates.[101] The same year, she paid her respects to the casualties of an excessive rainfall in Mauritius with a concert at the The Swami Vivekananda International Convention Centre in Pailles.[102] Along with Hrishikesh Ranade, she also made a stage performance during the 18th annual day celebration of Airports Authority of India.[103] Later in 2013, Ghoshal made a Europe tour as a celebration of 100 years of Indian cinema.[104]

In 2006, along with Sonu Nigam, Sunidhi Chauhan and Shiamak Davar, Ghoshal performed the theme song of 2010 Commonwealth Games at its closing ceremony, as an invitation to everyone to the following Commonwealth Games in Delhi.[105][106][107] The same year, she alongwith Nigam, recorded the title track "Haath Se Haath Milaa" for the album put together by the BBC World Service Trust as part of an AIDS awareness campaign, where profits garnered through the album, was donated to HIV charities.[108][109]

Ghoshal has also been appearing on television reality shows. In 2007, Ghoshal served as the judge for the first season for Amul STAR Voice of India Chhote Ustaad, with singer Kunal Ganjawala and composer Pritam Chakraborty.[110] She was one of the three judges in X Factor India with Sonu Nigam and Sanjay Leela Bhansali.[111] Ghoshal was a captain on the singing show Music Ka Maha Muqqabla along with Shankar Mahadevan, Shaan, Himesh Reshammiya, Mohit Chauhan, and Mika Singh.[112] In 2013, Ghoshal appeared as a judge for the first season of Indian Idol Junior, along with Vishal Dadlani and Shekhar Ravjiani.[113][114]

In 2011, Ghoshal became the brand ambassador for Joyalukkas jewellery.[115]

Artistry

Influences

One of Ghoshal's earliest musical memories is listening to her mother, Sarmistha Ghoshal, sing classical Bengali songs at clubs.[116] As a very young child, she was introduced to music by her mother, whom she refers as her first "guru".[6] She states that her mother is her best critic.[117]

Ghoshal has acknowledged Lata Mangeshkar, Asha Bhosle, K S Chithra, Geeta Dutt, as her inspirations.[118][119][120] Ghoshal has also named Jagjit Singh as her inspiration to perform songs in the genre of Ghazal.[121][122]

Voice

File:Shreya Ghoshal Indian Idol Junior 1.jpg
Ghoshal on the sets of Indian Idol Junior, 2013

Ghoshal possesses a soprano vocal range of two octaves to C#6.[123] In spite of her frequent high pitched rendition, Ghoshal has performed songs with a lower vocal range.[124] Her voice has been described as "sweet" with "slightly huskiness".[125][126] In an interview, Ghoshal noted that her voice has transformed from the "girlish tenor" of the earlier days to a more matured texture.[124] Her voice is characterized in the media for being most suitable for higher-pitched renditions, although some critics have described that her voice tends to screech when she reaches a higher note of scale.[127] Similarly, in the book Confession of a Coward — an Indian Adventure, it was stated that Ghoshal's high-pitched vocals are interesting and impressive, but "certainly take some time getting used to it".[128] Ghoshal has voiced against correcting pitch with Auto-Tune.[129][130]

What makes Ghoshal remarkable among her contemporaries, according to The Indian Express is, the "serenity in her voice" and the "enviable range".[129] Further complimenting her versatile vocal range, they noted: "The honey-dipped inflection of [her voice], which once put in the recording studio, can turn into naughty, sensuous, serious, sad, comic and pure classical, depending on the requirement of the job".[129] Naming her as the "most versatile singer of this generation", India West remarked the smoothness of her voice when flowing from "lower registers to higher notes".[131] According to The Times of India, Ghoshal maintains the "touch of versatility" with her music by singing different style of songs from classical to pure commercial music.[132] In 2003, Ghoshal admitted that she modulates her voice well, hence "none of the music directors have yet been able to label me".[132]

Ghoshal took vocal lessons and did workshops with Kalyanji Virji Shah, where she learnt the technique about "throw of voice, straight notes, vibratos".[24] She considers classical music training as an asset in playback since it "keeps one's voice fit and fresh".[24]

Personal life and popularity

On 5 February 2015, Ghoshal married her childhood friend Shiladitya Mukhopadhyaya in a traditional Bengali ceremony.[133]

Singers Javed Ali, Palak Muchhal and Sonu Nigam have mentioned her as one of their favorites in the industry.[134][135][136] In a 2007 interview, Usha Uthup named her among the "voice for the future".[137] Director Vidhu Vinod Chopra has called her "the best singer in the industry".[138] Veteran singers Vani Jairam and Manna Dey has praised her musical abilities.[139][140]

Ghoshal was also honored from the U.S. state of Ohio, where governor Ted Strickland declared 26 June as "Shreya Ghoshal Day".[141] The first Shreya Ghoshal Day (on 26 June 2010) was celebrated among her fans on popular microblogging and social networking sites.[142] In April 2013, Ghoshal was awarded with the highest honour in London by the members of House of Commons of the United Kingdom.[9]

In 2012, Ghoshal appeared in the Forbes Celebrity 100, a list based on income and popularity of India's celebrities. She remained in the top fifty spots for four consecutive years, listed at the forty-two spot in 2012–13, the twenty-eighth spot in 2014 and the thirty-three spot in 2015.[143][144][145][146] In 2013, Eastern Eye placed her in forty-three position in there "Sexiest Asian Women" List.[147]

Ghoshal maintains a Facebook and a Twitter account. She is the sixth most liked Indian personality on Facebook and on Twitter.[148] According to the statistics of Socialbakers, Ghoshal ranks in seventh place on Facebook and forty-fourth on Twitter in India.[149][150]

Awards and nominations

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Main article: List of awards and nominations received by Shreya Ghoshal

Ghoshal has been a recipient of four National Film Awards for Best Female Playback Singing: "Bairi Piya" for Devdas (2002),[151] "Dheere Jalna" for Paheli (2005),[152] "Yeh Ishq Haaye" for Jab We Met (2007),[89] and "Pherari Mon" for the Bengali film Antaheen (2008) and "Jeev Rangla" for the Marathi film Jogwa (2008).[94][95] In addition to these, she has won six Filmfare Awards including the RD Burman Award for New Music Talent.[88][93][153][154][155]

See also

References

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  66. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  67. ↑ 67.0 67.1 67.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  68. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  69. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  70. ↑ 70.0 70.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  71. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  72. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  73. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  74. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  75. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  76. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  77. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  78. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  79. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  80. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  81. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  82. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  83. ↑ 83.0 83.1 83.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  84. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  85. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  86. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  87. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  88. ↑ 88.0 88.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  89. ↑ 89.0 89.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  90. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  91. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  92. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  93. ↑ 93.0 93.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  94. ↑ 94.0 94.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  95. ↑ 95.0 95.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  96. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  97. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  98. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  99. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  100. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  101. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  102. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  103. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  104. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  105. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  106. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  107. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  108. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  109. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  110. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  111. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  112. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  113. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  114. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  115. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  116. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  117. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  118. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  119. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  120. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  121. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  122. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  123. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  124. ↑ 124.0 124.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  125. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  126. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  127. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  128. ↑ Turner 2014, p. 42
  129. ↑ 129.0 129.1 129.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  130. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  131. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  132. ↑ 132.0 132.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  133. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  134. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  135. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  136. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  137. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  138. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  139. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  140. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  141. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  142. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  143. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  144. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  145. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  146. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  147. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  148. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  149. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  150. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  151. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  152. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  153. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  154. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  155. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

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