Sinorhizobium meliloti

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Sinorhizobium meliloti
File:Sinorhizobium meliloti strain Rm1021 on TY agar.JPG
Sinorhizobium meliloti strain Rm1021 on an agar plate.
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Bacteria
Phylum:
Proteobacteria
Class:
Alpha Proteobacteria
Order:
Rhizobiales
Family:
Rhizobiaceae
Genus:
Sinorhizobium
Species:
S. meliloti
Binomial name
Sinorhizobium meliloti
(Dangeard 1926) De Lajudie et al. 1994, comb. nov.
Type strain
ATCC 9930

CCUG 27879
CFBP 5561
CIP 107332
DSM 30135
HAMBI 2148
IAM 12611
ICMP 12623
IFO 14782
JCM 20682
LMG 6133
NBRC 14782
NCAIM B.01520
NCIMB 12075
NRRL L-45
NZP 4027
OUT 30010
USDA 1002
biovars
  • S. m. bv. acaciae[1]
  • S. m. bv. ciceri[2][3]
  • S. m. bv. lancerottense[4]
  • S. m. bv. medicaginis[5]
  • S. m. bv. mediterranense[6]
  • S. m. bv. meliloti
  • S. m. bv. rigiduloides[7]
  • S. m. ecotype NRR[8]
Synonyms
  • Rhizobium meliloti Dangeard 1926
  • Ensifer meliloti (Dangeard 1926) Young 2003

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Sinorhizobium meliloti is a Gram-negative nitrogen-fixing bacterium (rhizobium). It forms a symbiotic relationship with legumes from the genera Medicago, Melilotus and Trigonella, including the model legume Medicago truncatula. This symbiosis results in a new plant organ termed a root nodule. The S. meliloti genome contains three replicons: a chromosome (~3.7 megabases) and two chromids,[9] pSymA (~1.4 megabases) and pSymB (~1.7 megabases). Five S. meliloti genomes have been sequenced to date: Rm1021,[10] AK83,[11] BL225C,[11] Rm41,[12] and SM11[13]

Nitrogen fixation by S meliloti is interfered with by the plastic modifier bisphenol A.[14]

Symbiosis

The symbiosis between S. meliloti and its plant hosts begins when the plant secretes an array of betaines and flavonoids into the rhizosphere: 4,4′-dihydroxy-2′-methoxychalcone,[15] chrysoeriol,[16] cynaroside,[16] 4′,7-dihydroxyflavone,[15] 6′′-O-malonylononin,[17] liquiritigenin,[15] luteolin,[18] 3′,5-dimethoxyluteolin,[16] 5-methoxyluteolin,[16] medicarpin,[17] stachydrine,[19] and trigonelline.[19] These compounds attract S. meliloti to the surface of the root hairs of the plant where the bacteria begin secreting nod factor.

Bacteriophage

File:ΦM12 Plaques in Sinorhizobium meliloti.JPG
Plaques in S. meliloti caused by ΦM12.

Several bacteriophages that infect Sinorhizobium meliloti have been described:[20] Φ1,[21] Φ1A,[22] Φ2A,[22] Φ3A,[23] Φ4 (=ΦNM8),[24] Φ5t (=ΦNM3),[24] Φ6 (=ΦNM4),[24] Φ7 (=ΦNM9),[24] Φ7a,[21] Φ9 (=ΦCM2),[24] Φ11 (=ΦCM9),[24] Φ12 (=ΦCM6),[24] Φ13,[25] Φ16,[25] Φ16-3,[26] Φ16a,[25] Φ16B,[23] Φ27,[21] Φ32,[26] Φ36,[26] Φ38,[26] Φ43,[21] Φ70,[21] Φ72,[26] Φ111,[26] Φ143,[26] Φ145,[26] Φ147,[26] Φ151,[26] Φ152,[26] Φ160,[26] Φ161,[26] Φ166,[26] Φ2011,[27] ΦA3,[21] ΦA8,[21] ΦA161,[27] ΦAL1,[28] ΦCM1,[27] ΦCM3,[27] ΦCM4,[27] ΦCM5,[27] ΦCM7,[27] ΦCM8,[27] ΦCM20,[27] ΦCM21,[27] ΦDF2,[28] Φf2D,[28] ΦF4,[29] ΦFAR,[28] ΦFM1,[27] ΦK1,[30] ΦL1,[25] ΦL3,[25] ΦL5,[25] ΦL7,[25] ΦL10,[25] ΦL20,[25] ΦL21,[25] ΦL29,[25] ΦL31,[25] ΦL32,[25] ΦL53,[25] ΦL54,[25] ΦL55,[25] ΦL56,[25] ΦL57,[25] ΦL60,[25] ΦL61,[25] ΦL62,[25] ΦLO0,[28] ΦLS5B,[27] ΦM1,[20][31] ΦM1,[20][32] ΦM1-5,[27] ΦM2,[33] ΦM3,[21] ΦM4,[21] ΦM5,[20][21] ΦM5 (=ΦF20),[20][31] ΦM5N1,[27] ΦM6,[31] ΦM7,[31] ΦM8,[33] ΦM9,[31] ΦM10,[31] ΦM11,[31] ΦM11S,[27] ΦM12,[31] ΦM14,[31] ΦM14S,[27] ΦM19,[34] ΦM20S,[27][35] ΦM23S,[27] ΦM26S,[27] ΦM27S,[27] ΦMl,[36] ΦMM1C,[27] ΦMM1H,[27] ΦMP1,[37] ΦMP2,[37] ΦMP3,[37] ΦMP4,[37] ΦN2,[21] ΦN3,[21] ΦN4,[21] ΦN9,[21] ΦNM1,[27][35] ΦNM2,[27][35] ΦNM6,[27][35] ΦNM7,[27][35] ΦP6,[29] ΦP10,[29] ΦP33,[29] ΦP45,[29] ΦPBC5,[38] ΦRm108,[39] ΦRmp26,[40] ΦRmp36,[40] ΦRmp38,[40] ΦRmp46,[40] ΦRmp50,[40] ΦRmp52,[40] ΦRmp61,[40] ΦRmp64,[40] ΦRmp67,[40] ΦRmp79,[40] ΦRmp80,[40] ΦRmp85,[40] ΦRmp86,[40] ΦRmp88,[40] ΦRmp90,[40] ΦRmp145,[40] ΦSP,[21] ΦSSSS304,[41] ΦSSSS305,[41] ΦSSSS307,[41] ΦSSSS308,[41] and ΦT1.[21] Of these, only Φ16-3[42] and ΦPBC5[38] have been sequenced.

External links

References

  1. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ The sequence hasn't been officially announced, but is available at NCBI: chromosome, pSymA, pSymB, and pRM41a.
  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  18. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 20.4 Systematic naming of bacteriophages is rarely followed in the scientific literature. Thus, a variety of phages end up sharing the same name. So, while there exists an RNA phage called ΦM12, which infects enterobacteria, it is not synonymous with the DNA phage ΦM12 listed here. The same may be true for other phages in this list. It should also be noted that within this list two phages have independently been named ΦM5.
  21. ↑ 21.00 21.01 21.02 21.03 21.04 21.05 21.06 21.07 21.08 21.09 21.10 21.11 21.12 21.13 21.14 21.15 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 24.3 24.4 24.5 24.6 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. and Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  25. ↑ 25.00 25.01 25.02 25.03 25.04 25.05 25.06 25.07 25.08 25.09 25.10 25.11 25.12 25.13 25.14 25.15 25.16 25.17 25.18 25.19 25.20 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Note that this article was reprinted in Plant and Soil (1971) 35 (1): 63—66, which is where the URL and doi direct to.
  26. ↑ 26.00 26.01 26.02 26.03 26.04 26.05 26.06 26.07 26.08 26.09 26.10 26.11 26.12 26.13 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
    The full genome of this phage is available at NCBI
  27. ↑ 27.00 27.01 27.02 27.03 27.04 27.05 27.06 27.07 27.08 27.09 27.10 27.11 27.12 27.13 27.14 27.15 27.16 27.17 27.18 27.19 27.20 27.21 27.22 27.23 27.24 27.25 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 28.3 28.4 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 29.3 29.4 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  30. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 31.2 31.3 31.4 31.5 31.6 31.7 31.8 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  32. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  34. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 35.3 35.4 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  36. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 37.2 37.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 This phage has never been formally reported in the scientific literature. However, the full genomic sequence has been uploaded to NCBI, available here.
  39. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  40. ↑ 40.00 40.01 40.02 40.03 40.04 40.05 40.06 40.07 40.08 40.09 40.10 40.11 40.12 40.13 40.14 40.15 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 41.2 41.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  42. ↑ Φ16-3 Complete Genome
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