Social Liberal Party (Brazil)

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This article is about the conservative and nationalist party. For Brazilian liberal parties, see Liberalism in Brazil.
Social Liberal Party
Partido Social Liberal
Leader Jair Bolsonaro
Founder Luciano Bivar
President Gustavo Bebbiano (acting)[1]
Founded 30 October 1994; 29 years ago (1994-10-30) (founded)
2 June 1998; 25 years ago (1998-06-02) (registered)
Headquarters SHN, Quadra 02, Bloco F, Ed. Executive Office Tower, Sala 1.122 – Brasília (DF)
Membership  (July 2018) 241,439[2]
Ideology Currently:
Brazilian nationalism
Social conservatism
National conservatism
Economic liberalism
Right-wing populism
Anti-communism[3]
Minority:
Monarchism[4][5][6]
Formerly:
Social liberalism
Classical liberalism
Political position Currently:
Right-wing to far-right[7]
Formerly:
Centre to centre-right[8]
National affiliation Brazil Above Everything,
God Above Everyone
Colours      Blue      Green      Yellow (national colours)
     Purple      White (formerly)
TSE Identification Number 17
Seats in the
Chamber of Deputies (2018)
52 / 513
Seats in the
Senate (2018)
4 / 81
Governors (2018)
1 / 27
State deputies (2018)
76 / 1,035
City councillors (2016)
878 / 57,720
Website
pslnacional.org.br
Politics of Brazil
Political parties
Elections

The Social Liberal Party (Portuguese: Partido Social Liberal, PSL) is a Brazilian national-conservative political party in Brazil.

Founded in 1994 as a social liberal party, the PSL was registered on the Superior Electoral Court in 1998.

In January 2018, conservative politician Jair Bolsonaro joined the party and later converted the party into the national-conservative party while the original name it's intact for time being after Livres (the party's original main wing) left the party and formed their own political movement to continue the party's original goals. He became its nominee for the 2018 presidential election and won in both rounds.

History

The PSL was originally founded on 30 October 1994 by businessman Luciano Bivar as a social liberal party.[9] The party was registered on the Superior Electoral Court on 2 June 1998.[10]

At the legislative elections on 6 October 2002, the PSL won 1 out of 513 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and no seats in the Federal Senate. In 2006, the party won no seats in the Chamber of Deputies or the Federal Senate. In 2010 and 2014, the PSL won 1 seat in the Chamber of Deputies and no seats in the Federal Senate.

In 2015, the PSL underwent a reform led by the internal social liberal wing Livres, with names such as political scientist Fábio Ostermann and journalist Leandro Narloch reinforcing the party's affiliation with social liberal policies.[11][12] On 5 January 2018, right-wing populist Jair Bolsonaro became a member of the party, which prompted the Livres wing to leave the party in protest of Bolsonaro's social conservative views. After the exit of Livres, the party followed a national-conservative path. Since then, the party has discussed a name change either to Republicans (Republicanos) or Mobilize (Mobiliza).[13] The party also changed its colors from purple to the more nationalist blue, yellow and green, the colors of the flag of Brazil. The PSL supported the impeachment of President Dilma Rousseff.[14]

Bolsonaro eventually became the PSL nominee for the 2018 presidential election. In the first round of the election, Bolsonaro exceeded polling forecasts to receive 46% of the popular vote. Bolsonaro's coattails helped elect 52 deputies and 4 senators from the PSL, which will make it the second largest political party in the next Chamber of Deputies.[15] It also became the largest single party in the legislative assemblies of both Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo.[16][17]

Organization

Ideology and policies

Since Bolsonaro's entrance in the party, the PSL has changed much of its ideologies, abandoning its former socially liberal policies and keeping its economic liberal policies, supporting privatisation and decentralisation while at the same time adopting socially conservative policies regarding abortion, legalization of marijuana and the teaching of gender identity in schools.[18]

The PSL is anti-communist and its members are prohibited from making alliances with left-wing political parties.[18]

Electoral results

Presidential elections

Year Candidate First round Second round
No. of overall votes % of overal votes No. of overall votes % of overal votes
2006 Luciano Bivar 62.064 0.06 (7th) N/A N/A
2014 None, it endorsed Marina Silva N/A N/A N/A N/A
2018 Jair Bolsonaro 49,276,990 46.0 (1st) 53,967,344 55.6

Legislative elections

Election Chamber of Deputies Federal Senate Role
%
of votes		 No.
of votes		 No.
of seats		 +/– %
of votes		 No.
of votes		 No.
of seats		 +/–
2002 0.5 408,512
1 / 513
Increase 1 0 N/A
0 / 81
Steady 0 In opposition
2006 0.2 190,793
0 / 513
Decrease 1 0.0 46,542
0 / 81
Steady 0 In opposition
2010 0.5 499,963
1 / 513
Increase 1 0.3 446,517
0 / 81
Steady 0 In opposition
2014 0.83 808,710
1 / 513
Steady 0 0 N/A
0 / 81
Steady 0 In opposition
2018 11.7 11,457,878
52 / 513
Increase 44 11.3 19,413,869
4 / 81
Increase 4 TBD

See also

References

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Preceded by Numbers of Brazilian Official Political Parties
17 - SLP (PSL)		 Succeeded by
18 - NETWORK (REDE)
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