South Pacific tropical cyclone

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A South Pacific tropical cyclone is a non frontal, low pressure system that has developed, within an environment of warm sea surface temperatures and little vertical wind shear aloft in the South Pacific Ocean.[1] Within the Southern Hemisphere there are officially three areas where tropical cyclones develop on a regular basis, these areas are the South-West Indian Ocean between Africa and 90°E, the Australian region between 90°E and 160°E and the South Pacific basin between 160°E and 120°W. The South Pacific basin between 160°E and 120°W is officially monitored by the Fiji Meteorological Service and New Zealand's MetService, while others like the Australian Bureau of Meteorology and the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration also monitor the basin. Each tropical cyclone year within this basin starts on July 1 and runs throughout the year, encompassing the tropical cyclone season which runs from November 1 and lasts until April 30 each season. Within the basin, most tropical cyclones have their origins within the South Pacific Convergence Zone or within the Northern Australian monsoon trough, both of which form an extensive area of cloudiness and are dominant features of the season. Within this region a tropical disturbance is classified as a tropical cyclone, when it has 10-minute sustained wind speeds of more than 65 km/h (35 mph), that wrap halfway around the low level circulation centre, while a severe tropical cyclone is classified when the maximum 10-minute sustained wind speeds are greater than 120 km/h (75 mph).

Basin history

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Warning centers

During June 1995, the Fiji Meteorological Service's Nadi — Tropical Cyclone Centre, was designated as a Regional Specialised Meteorological Center by the World Meteorological Organisation.

Seasons

1970s

Season Total
TD's		 Total
TC's		 Total
STC's		 Strongest
storm		 Deaths Damages Notes and
References
1969–70 7 7 2 [2][3]
1970–71 8 8 0 [4]
1971–72 13 13 11 [5]
1972–73 8 8 2 Bebe [6]
1973–74 11 11 2 [4]
1974–75 5 5 3 [5]
1975–76 10 10 5 [4]
1976–77 9 9 2 [3]
1977–78 8 8 3 [2][3]
1978–79 6 6 3 [4]
1979–80 8 7 2 [2]

1980s

During the 1980s there were three major Southern Oscillation episodes; two El Niño's (1982–83 and 1986/87) when the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) was negative and one La Nina when the SOI was positive.[7]

Season Total
TD's		 Total
TC's		 Total
STC's		 Strongest
storm		 Deaths Damages Notes and
References
1980–81 14 14 4 Freda [7]
1981–82 6 6 5 Gyan [7][8]
1982–83 16 14 10 Oscar [6][7]
1983–84 8 8 3 Beti [5][7]
1984–85 9 9 5 Hina [7][8][9]
1985–86 10 10 4 Ima >150 [5][7][9]
1986–87 13 12 6 Uma 50 $150 million [6][5][7][9]
1987–88 6 5 3 Anne [2][7]
1988–89 14 14 6 Harry [7]
1989–90 11 6 2 Ofa 8 $180 million [7]
Totals 108 99 48 Hina

1990s

Season Total
TD's		 Total
TC's		 Total
STC's		 Strongest
storm		 Deaths Damages Notes and
References
1990–91 5 3 1 Sina None $18.5 million [8][A 1]
1991–92 12 11 7 Fran 21 [2][A 2]
1992–93 10 10 6 Joni/Prema None [2]
1993–94 7 5 4 Theodore None [4]
1994–95 3 2 0 William None $2.5 million [3][10][11]
1995–96 6 4 1 Beti 2 $4.3 million [12][13]
1996–97 13 12 6 Gavin 27 $44 million [A 3][8]
1997–98 20 16 7 Ron/Susan 50 $7.6 million [6][16]
1998–99 27 8 4 Dani [16][17]
1999-00 24 6 4 Kim 1 [16][18]
Totals 127 77 38 Ron/Susan 101

2000s

During the 2000s, activity was generally below the long term average, with 60 tropical cyclones developing out of 160 tropical disturbances and tropical depressions. However activity during the 2002-03, 2004–05 and 2009–10 seasons all experienced activity, near the long term average of about 8 - 9 tropical cyclones.

Season Total
TD's		 Total
TC's		 Total
STC's		 Strongest
storm		 Deaths Damages
(USD)		 Notes and
References
2000–01 16 4 1 Paula 7 $800 thousand [5][16]
2001–02 16 5 2 Waka 1 $51.3 million [8][16]
2002–03 18 10 7 Zoe 50 $102 million [3][16][19]
2003–04 15 3 2 Heta 16 $387 million [16]
2004–05 19 9 5 Percy 2 $55 million [2][3][16][20]
2005–06 15 5 3 Wati None $26 thousand [5][16][21]
2006–07 15 6 2 Xavier 4 $4 million [3][16]
2007–08 16 4 3 Daman 8 $46 million [16][22]
2008–09 15 6 0 Lin 11 $65 million [5][16][23]
2009–10 15 8 5 Ului 12 $163 million [2][16]
Totals 160 60 30 Zoe 111 874 million

2010s

Season Total
TD's		 Total
TC's		 Total
STC's		 Strongest
storm		 Deaths Damages
(USD)		 Notes and
References
2010–11 17 7 5 Wilma 4 $25 million [16][24][A 4]
2011–12 20 3 1 Jasmine 13 $17.2 million [27]
2012–13 22 5 4 Sandra 17 $161 million [28]
2013–14 20 6 2 Ian 12 $48 million [29]
2014–15 16 6 2 Pam 16 > $250 million [30]
2015–16 18 8 5 Winston 50 ≥ $1.01 billion [A 5]
Totals 113 35 18 Pam 112 ≥ $1.5 billion

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Number of tropical cyclones includes one unnamed cyclone that was added after the season by the Fiji Meteorological Service and the Meteorological service of New Zealand.
  2. ↑ Cyclone Arthur was considered to be a regeneration of Cyclone Wasa, as a result it is counted in this list as one tropical cyclone and not two.
  3. ↑ During the 1996–97 South Pacific cyclone season, 11 tropical cyclones formed within RSMC Nadi's area of responsibility, while one formed within the subtropics and TCWC Wellington's area of responsibility.[8][14][15]
  4. ↑ Number of tropical cyclones excludes Tropical Cyclone Anthony, which was considered to have weakened into a tropical low before moving into the South Pacific basin by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology during post analysis.[25][26]
  5. ↑ Number of tropical disturbances excludes Tropical Cyclone Raquel, which was considered by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology to be a Category 1 tropical cyclone within the 2014-15 year.[25][31]

References

  1. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ 7.00 7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.05 7.06 7.07 7.08 7.09 7.10 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  15. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. – via Lexis Nexis (subscription required)
  16. ↑ 16.00 16.01 16.02 16.03 16.04 16.05 16.06 16.07 16.08 16.09 16.10 16.11 16.12 16.13 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  17. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  18. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  19. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  20. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  21. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  22. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  23. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  24. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. A guide on how to read the database is available here.
  26. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  27. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  28. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  29. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  30. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  31. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

External links

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